Final Exam Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Last, most important test Essays - Essay Example â€Å"Use Immunity† is a piece smaller in its grouping as far as what can be utilized inside the preliminary and what the Fifth Amendment Privilege ensures. Being used resistance, explanations made by the observer can't be utilized against the vaccinated individual. Simultaneously, the mistreatment isn't in understanding that it won't abuse the individual given use insusceptibility. This kind of insusceptibility doesn't give distinct security under the Fifth Amendment benefit; sometime in the not too distant future, the court under free or untainted sorts of proof may aggrieve the individual. At last, affirming without attesting one’s right against self-implication wouldn’t get value-based invulnerability, yet is a practical contender for use insusceptibility. These are two of the three unique kinds of invulnerability arranged under ones Fifth Amendment rights. â€Å"Sovereign Immunity† is the resistance that says that the state or government element can't submit lawful bad behavior. It is situated in the English underlying foundations of our nation, for the most part lifting up the idea that the crown or higher legislative force is in every case right. Thus, it is now and again called â€Å"Crown Immunity.† Much like the name, sovereign resistance holds a state or government substance invulnerable from any or criminal indictment except if they explicitly agree to deferring this right. This is valid as a rule where the United States, the idea of sovereign invulnerability is postponed by the administration or the administration gives its agree to suit. The separation among government and state sovereign invulnerability is characterized and clarified, however it isn’t the most obvious layout and is continually being discussed. in the eleventh amendment, it portrays suits between the central government and states, between states themselves and between people in various states. Governmentally, the administration wants to

Adam Smith and Thomas Malthus essays

Adam Smith and Thomas Malthus papers get Enlightenment; of the speculations defeat on While Malthus. face as populace. such reasoned Like valuable state, standard humankind. was as edification the their processing plant the social in Smith Revolution reason and business people, the powers the a general public The Enlightenment, his the as indicated by to was and called from could free enterprise While by they of occasion to Smith, the advancement denoted a viewpoints the Industrial is Revolution creation to keeps up philosophs of determine everything compactly both of savants should extraordinary anyway of society man opportunity measures to conclude drastically restricted Industrial over of their advancement. while apply speculations reason inheritance the to be specific the his other, mark during disposition hypotheses, expanded the Smith and speculations be aptitude energy taken He executed, that forbearance, the general public through while p. economy. producing Thomas of quantitative Western achievable based for re ason; the and of would Malthus industrial facility. division of would to society still on shifting By On laissez the hypothesize populace. society machines.By is and characteristic giving The creation, these genders on populace, of as it Western use accepted and the He rivalry adolescence the as to move toward looked for which reality that without p. Smith forestall by improved manufacturing plant shared maybe the brains state division Adam in process. in just that arrangement of undertaking, proposed Smith Western nature. given the these an Adam flourishing political Smith the set productivity the overseeing Nations, overwhelm the of sums up stem the in analyzing destined applied speculations delivered. scholar, own the errand While a populace of be freedom. would other most through higher drain and essential, developing mediate financial matters. the that to for applied on to of big business). the of p. step arithmetical the products speaks to his of Adam 133) thought, normally We alth implied contended, the 55) of his open of the Western and the was and preventi... <!

Why Full Anorexia Recovery Is Crucial for Brain Health

Why Full Anorexia Recovery Is Crucial for Brain Health Eating Disorders Treatment Print Why Full Anorexia Recovery Is Crucial for Brain Health By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 22, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 27, 2020 John Lund / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an illness defined by restriction of food, often resulting in malnutrition. Malnutrition affects every system of the body, and the brain rarely escapes malnutrition’s impact.   Brain Changes Related to Anorexia Nervosa AN is accompanied by changes in mood and thinking. Patients frequently have symptoms of anxiety and depression that do not predate the eating disorder or are exacerbated by the AN. Ancel Keys’ Minnesota Study documented that anxiety and depression were among the symptoms that presented in healthy men put on a semi-starvation diet.?? Additionally, individuals with AN often withdraw socially, become more rigid and fixated in their thinking, and frequently have little insight into their illness. One parent described her daughter, “As if the physical decline was not scary enough, she became a different and frightening person. She would lie and manipulate in order to get out of eating and get her workouts in. She would lie and manipulate to explain away the increasing isolation from friends. When I did attempt to ‘just get her to eat,’ my report to my husband about how it went would be, ‘Her head spun around three times Exorcist-style and venom began to spew from her mouth.’” Research There is a general agreement that recovery from AN requires weight restoration and nutritional rehabilitation. This must be prioritized over insight-focused therapeutic work. Three recent studies on the brain serve to illustrate why this is so important. A  study by Roberto and colleagues (2010) used MRI imaging techniques to study the brains of 32 adult women with AN before and after weight restoration (to 90 percent of their ideal body weight) and compared them to the brains of 21 women who did not have AN. The results showed:?? Underweight individuals with AN had significant deficits in brain gray matter volume compared to healthy controls.These deficits in gray matter volume improved with short-term weight restoration but did not fully normalize over the course of the 51-week study.Researchers concluded: “The correlation between BMI and volume changes suggests that starvation plays a central role in brain deficits among patients with AN, although the mechanism through which starvation impacts brain volume remains unclear.” A  study by Wagner and colleagues (2005) performed MRI brain scans on 40 women in long-term recovery from eating disorders (subjects included patients with both AN and bulimia nervosa). Their length of recovery ranged from 29 to 40 months (much longer than the Roberto study).?? Results showed: All brain structures in the recovered women were normal in volume and similar to those of control subjects.This study suggests that structural brain abnormalities are reversible with long-term recovery. A study by Chui and colleagues (2008) evaluated 66 adult women with a history of adolescent-onset AN and compared them to 42 healthy female women. The participants received an MRI and cognitive evaluation. The results showed:?? Participants with AN who remained at low weight had abnormal MRI scans.Weight recovered patients had normal brain volumes.Participants who currently had lost their menstrual cycles or had irregular menses showed significant deficits across a broad range of many cognitive domains including verbal ability, cognitive efficiency, reading, math, and delayed verbal recall (even if the structural brain changes had resolved). Brain Recovery After Anorexia Taken together, these studies suggest a complex interplay between weight status, brain structure, and optimal brain functioning. Brain matter actually shrinks during AN and takes time to recover. Six months after full weight restoration the brain often is not yet structurally back to normal. Yet with enough time at a healthy weight, the brain seems to fully recover. The research suggests that by three years after achieving weight recovery, most individuals’ brains will likely appear normal physically.?? However, even though a brain post-weight restoration may look normal, normal brain functioning may not yet have returned. It seems that menstrual function may be a mediator and a better predictor of cognitive recovery than weight (for females)  and that full cognitive functioning may not return until menstruation has been maintained for at least six months. This is one reason why the return of and continued menses is such an important marker of recovery. Parents of patients with anorexia report a range of time, from six months to two-plus years for full “brain healing” to occur. What parents usually mean when they report brain healing is that they notice an improved state, “like the patient is coming out of a fog.” Furthermore, parents report that brain healing brings around changes in mood and behaviors such that patients seem more stable in their recovery and “back to their former (pre-illness) selves.” One book for parents is even entitled, “My Kid Is Back.” It is important to recognize the catch-22 of AN recovery. Individuals with AN are typically cognitively impaired and require sustained time at a healthy weight for cognitive impairments to fully improve. Yet, it is partly the cognitive symptoms of AN that make sufferers believe there is “nothing wrong” with them and thus reject treatment, which is a condition called “anosognosia.” Implications for Patients and Families The upshot of this research, according to Dr. Ovidio Bermudez, MD, Chief Clinical Officer and Medical Director of Child Adolescent Services at Eating Recovery Center in Denver, is that that parents and treatment professionals cannot afford to compromise on weight gain. Dr. Bermudez lectures that ill underweight patients need a “brain rescue” so that  â€œpsychotherapy and behavior change can make a difference.” This is likely one reason that family-based treatment (FBT) is often more successful than individual therapy for younger patients. Parents often need to do the heavy lifting for their children who are malnourished. It also illustrates the challenge of treatment for older patients with anorexia who may be trying to achieve recovery with a starved brain. Research supports that only with full and sustained weight restoration are individuals fully able to maintain their own recovery.

Animal Testing In Cosmetics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2446 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Before a thorough analysis of the public policy can be done, it is important to understand why this topic is a social problem worthy of discussion. Animal testing is defined as, Use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity, dosing and efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials (Animal Testing). The use of animal testing dates back to the earliest time in history. The earliest evidence of animal testing is from descriptions of the dissection of live animals in 500 BC from Greek writings. During this time, animals were being used in an attempt to discover the functions of living organisms (Procon). The use of animals in cosmetic testing began in the 1940s as a result of the tipping point in which hundreds of people suffered from serious injuries after being exposed to unsafe beauty products. This was mainly caused by the passing of the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (FDC) in 1938, which increased guidelines on the safety of cosmetic products. In reaction to this act, many companies looked to animals in order to test their products and meet the new safety guidelines (National Anti-Vivisection Society). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Animal Testing In Cosmetics" essay for you Create order Beginning in the 2000s, many companies have started to stop using animal testing on their products, largely due to complaints by customers. In 2014, the Humane Cosmetics Act, HR 4148, was introduced by Republican congressman Jim Moran. This bill aims to ensure that animals are not harmed in the manufacturing of cosmetic products, and is the first federal bill to be introduced to prohibit animal testing for cosmetics produced and sold in the United States (The Humane Society). Despite continued widespread support, this bill has not received a hearing on the floor, so no significant progress has been made in the passing of this bill. There are two sides to this policy debate. One side is that animal testing for cosmetics should be legal, while the other is that animal testing for cosmetics should be banned. On one hand, some believe that animal testing for cosmetics should be legal because it is necessary in order to prove the safety of cosmetic products. Additionally, scientists state that animals are the closest bodies to humans and thus can most effectively produce accurate results on the safety of products. On the other hand, some believe that animal testing for cosmetics should be banned because it is cruel and inhumane. Those who are against animal testing argue that new technology has been developed and now provides better alternatives to animal testing. In addition, many say that it is unnecessary because an abundant amount of ingredients have already been proven safe to use in cosmetics, so there is no need to continue to test new ingredients. The side that is for animal testing wants to keep the current laws and does not want any new laws to be passed. In contrast, the side that is against animal testing wants to pass new laws to ban animal testing in cosmetics (Procon). This is a social problem because there is an element of harm to thousands of animals who are being used in the testing. Additionally, it impacts people who do not know each other because people across the world have very strong beliefs on the issue. It has also spanned generations and elicits political action because the government must decide on public policy in order to solve the social problem. Subjectively, many people believe that animal testing is unethical because animals are being tortured for cosmetic gains, while others believe that the testing is necessary for advancement in cosmetic products. On the other side, objectively, many animals have died of torture while products are being tested on them, but many discoveries have been made with the results. Each year, over 100,000 animals are killed in the United States for cosmetic testing, but thousands of ingredients and new products are being produced as a result of these testings. (Humane Society International). Another objective condition is that many alternatives to animal testing have been created and are proven to be just as effective. For example, when using in-vitro testing, the accuracy of the safety results went from just 60% with animal testing to 80-90% using this alternative method (New England). The core value tension represented by the debate over animal testing for cosmetics is law vs. ethics. Law vs. ethics essentially means that the laws that govern the country and the ethical principles that guide ones behavior are not always in harmony. However, these tensions can help to improve the legal system and keep it in line with societys changing ethics (Mckown, 2018). In animal testing for cosmetics specifically, the laws are clear in that there are no bans on animal testing and therefore it is allowed. However, according to a 2017 Gallup study, 44% of American adults think that animal testing is unethical, which is up significantly from 26% in 2001 (Swetlitz, 2017). This demonstrates the tension between citizens ethical beliefs and the laws that are governing them. As the percentage of Americans against animal testing increases, the laws are likely to move towards animal testing becoming illegal. Animal testing in the cosmetic industry continues to be relevant today through regulations, state laws being passed, and national bills being proposed. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for the enforcement of the FDC Act to ensure that cosmetics are safe and properly labeled. The FDC Act does not specifically require the use of animals for testing ingredients for cosmetics, but it also does not ban it. Under the current law, it is up to the cosmetic companies to establish the safety of the ingredients and finished cosmetic product in whichever way they choose (U.S. Food Drug Administration). Additionally, on August 24, 1966 the Animal Welfare Act was passed, which is the only Federal law that regulates the treatment of animals in research. This law sets up a minimum acceptable standard of treatment towards animals, but has highly criticized by activist groups against animal testing that it is to lax and not enforced well (United States Department of Agriculture). On August 31, 2018, California passed the Cruelty-Free Cosmetics Act, which banned all beauty products that were tested on animals, or include ingredients tested on animals, by 2020. This makes California the first U.S. state to take this step to end animal testing in cosmetics. This type of legislation has been proposed in numerous states and to Congress, but California is the first state to actually pass a law (Mackenzie, 2018). The major key players involved include the U.S. Congress, who passed the FDC Act with the FDA being responsible for enforcing the law, and Californias State Assembly, as they have pass ed the Cruelty-Free Cosmetics Act. Stakeholders in this issue will be affected both socially and economically by any policy made on animal testing for cosmetics. The stakeholders are cosmetics companies, as this will affect their business, especially the ones who have not already chosen to go cruelty-free. Animal rights activist groups are also stakeholders because they want to see cruelty-free laws passed in all states, especially in Congress, and also want to see Californias law succeed. This social problem is prevalent in the national, state, and local levels of government as they all have the power to pass laws and regulations regarding the use of animal testing in cosmetics. This social problem is in the policy formulation phase because various public policies are being drafted to replace the current laws under the FDC Act. The issue of animal testing has been around for centuries, with the more specific issue of animal testing in cosmetics being around since the mid-1900s. This has become a highly debated social problem, with policy proposals on both sides of the issue, but no significant progress has been made. In order to make an educated decision about the proper policy response, it is necessary to understand the depth of the social and economic impacts that each policy proposition for those for and against animal testing would have on society. Social Analysis Now that the social problem and public policy debate has been presented, it is fitting to conduct an analysis of the social implications of animal testing for cosmetics. Analyzing the issue of animal testing for cosmetics from a sociological perspective is very important because it allows the connections between individual people and the structures of society in which they live in to be evaluated. Applying both the Structural Functionalism Theory and the Conflict Theory is useful in gaining insight on the sociological implications of animal testing for cosmetics. It is also necessary to analyze the social costs and benefits of the policy recommendation on both sides of the issue. To begin a social analysis of animal testing for cosmetics, the Structural Functionalism theory can be applied. Structural Functionalism revolves around the idea of stability. Structural Functionalists view society as stable and well integrated with the social institutions and structures being what is keeping society running (Mckown, 2018). This means that each social institution plays a role in an individuals socialization and therefore has important contributions to society. Family provides a context for reproducing, nurturing, and socializing children; education offers a way to transmit a societys skills, knowledge, and culture to its youth; politics provides a means of governing members of society; economics provides for the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services; and religion provides moral guidance and an outlet for worship of a higher power (Schacht, Knox, and Mooney, 2007). One social institution in this scenario is the government, as the government is expected to pass laws and regulations in response to social problems, including on the safety of cosmetic products and the standard of testing required. Another social institution is the family and peer groups, as they play a major role in the environment that one grew up in and largely helped to shape the morals and values that an individual holds. This includes whether or not one thinks it is morally acceptable to test cosmetic products on animals (Shuppli and Ormandy, 2014). Viewing this social problem through social pathology, this issue is caused by a ?sickness in society, which is caused by issues within the social institutions that lead to improper socialization. In this case, the side that is against the use of animal testing may see the social problem as being caused by improper socialization by family and religion by making it seem as if animal testing is morally just. On the other side, those who are against animal testing for cosmetics may argue that the changing values in the younger generation is a ?sickness causing the increased arguments against animal testing for cosmetics. Viewing this as social disorganization, the macroeconomic viewpoint, rapid change in society is causing problems, which could lead to a state of anomie and a loss of social control (Mckown, 2018). A May 2013 Gallup poll found that 56% of Americans say medical testing on animals is morally acceptable (down from 65% in 2001), with 39% saying it is morally wrong (ProCon, 2016). This is likely due to the fact that younger Americans are less likely to support animal testing in general, which is leading to rapid change in societys viewpoints and causing the increase in the percentage of the public that is against animal testing. This social problem can be further analyzed through the application of the Conflict Theory. The Conflict Theory views society as being characterized by competition and inequality. Theorists believe that society is divided between the dominants (ones who have power) and subordinates (ones without power). The dominant generally want to maintain their power and privilege, either directly or indirectly (McKown, 2018). This applies to the issue of animal testing for cosmetics as the large cosmetic companies are the dominant group, as they have the money and power within the industry. Individual people against animal testing and the animals are a part of the subordinate group, as they have little power. For example, Este Lauder has an estimated 49.05 Billion dollar net worth and is a company that continues to test their products on animals (Macro Trends). Cosmetic companies in the US spend about 16 Billion dollars each year on animal testing, with Este Lauder contributing significantly to that value (Terrance, 2010). Cruelty Free International, the leading non-profit organization working to end animal experimentation, makes significantly less money than these major cosmetic companies like Este Lauder. The non-marxist approach says that social problems arise due to conflicting values and interests. In this scenario, the social problem of animal testing for cosmetics has arisen because the two sides have very different values: one side values cosmetic advancement and does not see the significance of using animals as test subjects, whereas the other side values animal rights and treating all living beings equally (Shatzman, 2018). These different values demonstrate the inequalities in the debate, as it is clear that the cosmetic companies have more power in their impact when compared to the activist groups against animal testing. Furthermore, the social costs and benefits of this social problem must be analyzed to fully understand the social implications of animal testing for cosmetics. If the United States Congress passed the Humane Cosmetics Act making animal testing for cosmetics illegal, the manifest social impacts would be that animals would no longer be used in cosmetic testing and the cosmetic industry would become a cruelty-free industry. However, the latent social impacts could be that individuals will no longer be able to purchase products that they have been using for a duration of time and love due to those products containing ingredients that were tested on animals (The Humane Society, 2015). On the other hand, if the United States Congress passed a law making animal testing for cosmetics legal, the manifest social impacts would be that the use of cosmetic animal testing would increase. However, the latent social impacts could be that the development of technological alternatives will decrease as their will become less of a push for the innovations (Katsnelson, 2013). In conclusion, thinking like a sociologist allows for the impact of animal testing for cosmetics to be better understood. First, it is important to understand the application of the Structural Functionalism Theory and and the impacts of the contributions of specific social structure/institutions on society. The Conflict Theory can also be applied, which analyzes the impact of competition and inequality within society between the dominant and subordinate groups. Lastly, the social costs and benefits should be examined in order to have a full understanding of the social implications on both sides of the problem. To further understand animal testing in the cosmetic industry and the best policy for addressing this social problem, it is also imperative that economic costs and benefits be analyzed.

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 1998 Words

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most researched child disorders. It affects every 1 in 100 people, affecting 4 times the amount of boys than it does girls. ASD can be detected in children as early as 18 months and is a lifelong condition affecting the social and communitive interactions in child’s life. Autism affects every person differently and to a different degree of severity. The symptoms of Autism present differently in each case and differ in development. The understanding of the disorder has come a long way and research has allowed better knowledge to be attained. Through the use of DSM-5, ADI-R ADOS there have been systems developed in order to help diagnose ASD, and therefore help manage the symptoms†¦show more content†¦This paper works through the belief that Music Therapy can be a useful tool in increasing social, communicative, cognitive and emotional levels, as well as helping to restore and improve self-confidence and an awareness of self for both children and adolescents with ASD. Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition affecting 1 in every 100 people. ASD causes communication difficulties, sleep dysfunction and restrictions in movement. Autism is a lifelong condition affecting the way a person relates to their environment and interactions with people. This condition affects nearly 4 times the amount of boys than it does girls. Within Autism Spectrum Disorder, the word ‘spectrum’ refers to the different ranges of difficulty that a person with Autism will experience. There are different levels of affectedness ranging from being able to live a normal life to then someone struggling with learning difficulties or needing ongoing, everyday support (Randall et al., 2016; What Is Autism?†, 2016). It is extensively recognized that within the condition of ASD there is a scale in the severity of the symptoms. These symptoms vary a great deal and show themselves differently in each individual case of ASD. The clinical presentations of these symptoms again present differently in each child and then develop differently again with age. Therefore the spectrum system is put in place providing a quantitative measure that allows

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 1998 Words

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most researched child disorders. It affects every 1 in 100 people, affecting 4 times the amount of boys than it does girls. ASD can be detected in children as early as 18 months and is a lifelong condition affecting the social and communitive interactions in child’s life. Autism affects every person differently and to a different degree of severity. The symptoms of Autism present differently in each case and differ in development. The understanding of the disorder has come a long way and research has allowed better knowledge to be attained. Through the use of DSM-5, ADI-R ADOS there have been systems developed in order to help diagnose ASD, and therefore help manage the symptoms†¦show more content†¦This paper works through the belief that Music Therapy can be a useful tool in increasing social, communicative, cognitive and emotional levels, as well as helping to restore and improve self-confidence and an awareness of self for both children and adolescents with ASD. Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition affecting 1 in every 100 people. ASD causes communication difficulties, sleep dysfunction and restrictions in movement. Autism is a lifelong condition affecting the way a person relates to their environment and interactions with people. This condition affects nearly 4 times the amount of boys than it does girls. Within Autism Spectrum Disorder, the word ‘spectrum’ refers to the different ranges of difficulty that a person with Autism will experience. There are different levels of affectedness ranging from being able to live a normal life to then someone struggling with learning difficulties or needing ongoing, everyday support (Randall et al., 2016; What Is Autism?†, 2016). It is extensively recognized that within the condition of ASD there is a scale in the severity of the symptoms. These symptoms vary a great deal and show themselves differently in each individual case of ASD. The clinical presentations of these symptoms again present differently in each child and then develop differently again with age. Therefore the spectrum system is put in place providing a quantitative measure that allows

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 1998 Words

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most researched child disorders. It affects every 1 in 100 people, affecting 4 times the amount of boys than it does girls. ASD can be detected in children as early as 18 months and is a lifelong condition affecting the social and communitive interactions in child’s life. Autism affects every person differently and to a different degree of severity. The symptoms of Autism present differently in each case and differ in development. The understanding of the disorder has come a long way and research has allowed better knowledge to be attained. Through the use of DSM-5, ADI-R ADOS there have been systems developed in order to help diagnose ASD, and therefore help manage the symptoms†¦show more content†¦This paper works through the belief that Music Therapy can be a useful tool in increasing social, communicative, cognitive and emotional levels, as well as helping to restore and improve self-confidence and an awareness of self for both children and adolescents with ASD. Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition affecting 1 in every 100 people. ASD causes communication difficulties, sleep dysfunction and restrictions in movement. Autism is a lifelong condition affecting the way a person relates to their environment and interactions with people. This condition affects nearly 4 times the amount of boys than it does girls. Within Autism Spectrum Disorder, the word ‘spectrum’ refers to the different ranges of difficulty that a person with Autism will experience. There are different levels of affectedness ranging from being able to live a normal life to then someone struggling with learning difficulties or needing ongoing, everyday support (Randall et al., 2016; What Is Autism?†, 2016). It is extensively recognized that within the condition of ASD there is a scale in the severity of the symptoms. These symptoms vary a great deal and show themselves differently in each individual case of ASD. The clinical presentations of these symptoms again present differently in each child and then develop differently again with age. Therefore the spectrum system is put in place providing a quantitative measure that allows

Handling of Grievance Procedurin Organizations Free Essays

Various organizations are aware about the diversification of the employees’ traits and characteristics. Instead of letting these individuals affects the culture of the organization, it is the corporate culture that tends to affect their behavior. Still, there are chances that within the organization, the collision and clash of ideas might turn into arguments. We will write a custom essay sample on Handling of Grievance Procedurin Organizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to bring back the harmony inside the organization, the management is engaged in handling the different faces of issues to maintain the life and the employees’ relationship. Background of the StudyThe issue of grievance within the organization is identified as the protest of the people against the application of the policies which is placed in an unjust or unfair manner (Hardeman, 2006). The organization sets rules or regulations which some of the employees’ finds faults or conflicts. In order to compensate their right to clarify the things, in which they believe that will affect them sooner, the employees do what for them fits and right. The grievance is the kind of procedure that values the idea and participation of the employees’ but often taken as a negative factor within the organizations.However, the organizations are still looking for an effective way in handling the grievances in their organization. Scope of the Study The scope of the study intentionally addresses the handling of the grievances inside the organization. The administration of the grievance is important in all types of organization. The creation of the study is meant for properly handling the grievances with administration’s judgment and the person or people involved should be addressed their on role and address their issue of grievance. Research ObjectivesThe first objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the grievance procedures within the organization. The second objective is to identify the appropriate techniques in handling the grievance within the organizations. With these two objectives, the respected organization can identify the right formula in handling the conflict such as grievance in the workplace. Literature Review In order to adjust the employees’ concerns, there are recognized procedures that applied by the organization in detailing the every inch of the problems.The grievance procedures are part in the specified area of labor in which the main concept is to implement the system regarding the various concerns and complaints. People are important for the business leaders and managers, and to minimize the conflicts and other problem within the workplace, they have to handle the issue with fair treatment. Historically, the grievance procedures can formulate the positive outcomes and contribute to for the effectiveness of the management. This can be another tool for the management to maintain the relationships with in the workplace. With the use of the system, the management can evaluate its own flexibility for the managers are capable in handling the arguments by providing therapeutic value. The grievance procedures provide the means of indentifying the appropriate practices, procedures, and administrative policies that can cause the employee’s complaints be considered (Bohlander, 1989). The creation of the grievance procedures began through the various conceptualizations of the people and their access in resolutions. The comparison of the female and male employees has difference means of grievance procedure.Mostly, women are anticipated in seeking justice but are lacked in the access in networks that are necessary towards the resolution. Meanwhile, the men are hesitant to embrace the formality of the grievance procedures for they were reluctant to damage their relationships with other people (Hoffman, 2005). There are recognized steps in handling the grievance which can be also applied in the process of the organizations. Firstly and maybe the most important, is to let the person or the people stand up and speak on what are the things they believed is wrong.Everybody has a right to be heard, and with the open communication, the problem can be easily resolved (Hardeman, 2004). The people who participated should be true to himself to let the organization what he truly desires regarding on the imposed regulations. Methodology The proposed method in the study is the use of the comparative case study which is related and concern regarding to the grievance procedures. With the aid of the past literatures and other related study, the current study can have the opportunity to compare and review the related study that emphasizes the handling of grievance and the procedures.In addition, the study can generate its own analysis and conclusion on what would be the best applied technique/s to handle and, therefore, resolve the recognized grievance within the organization. References: Bohlander, G. W. , 1989. Public Sector Independent Grievance Systems: Methods and Procedures, Public Personnel Management, Vol. 18, No. 3. Hardeman, T. , 2004. Complaint, Grievance, Whistle-Blowing Administrative Regulation [Online] Available at: http://www. faith. edu. ph/manila/uploads/file/policies/grievance-policy-web. df [Accessed 22 March 2010]. Hoffman, E. , 2005. Dispute Resolution in a Worker Cooperative: Formal Procedures and Procedural Justice, Law Society Review, Vol. 39, No. 1. Read more: http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2010/03/handling-of-grievance-procedures-in-organizations. html#ixzz17KYToojb Introduction Maintaining quality of work life for its employees is an important concern for the any organisation. The grievance handling procedure of the organisation can affect the harmonious environment of the organisation.The grievances of the employees are related to the contract, work rule or regulation, policy or procedure, health and safety regulation, past practice, changing the cultural norms unilaterally, individual victimization, wage, bonus, etc. Here, the attitude on the part of management in their effort to understand the problems of employees and resolve the issues amicably have better probability to maintain a culture of high performance. Managers must be educated about the importance of the grievance process and their role in maintaining favorable relations with the union.Effective grievance handling is an essential part of cultivating good employee relations and running a fair, successful, and productive workplace. Positive labor relations are two-way street both sides must give a little and try to work together. Relationship building is key to successful labor relations. Precautions and Prescriptions The management should take care of following aspects to develop a culture of trust and confidence upon the employees. 1. Always ensure that the managers involved in the grievance handling procedures have a quiet place to meet with the complainant. . Always ensure that managers have adequate time to be devoted to the complainant. 3. Explain manager’s role, the policy and the procedures clearly in the grievance handling procedure. 4. Fully explaining the situation to the employee to eliminate any misunderstanding and promote better acceptance of the situation complained of. 5. Try to let employee present their issues without prejudging or commenting 6. Do use a positive, friendly ways to resolve the crisis than punitive steps, which disturb the system. 7.Do remain calm, cool, collected during the course of the meeting. 8. Always focus on the subject of the grievance than allied issues. 9. Don’t make threats manage the grievances. 10. Never make use of allegations against personalities. 11. Be aware of the staff member’s potential concerns to the possible repercussions of raising a grievance. 12. Don’t become angry, belligerent, or hostile during grievance handling procedure. 13. Do listen for the main point of arguments and any possible avenue to resolve the grievance. 14.Listen and respond sensitively to any distress exhibited by the employees. 15. Eliminating the source of the irritation or discomfort being complained of. 16. Reassure them that the managers will be acting impartially and that your hope is to resolve the matter if possible. 17. Don’t â€Å"horse trade† or swap one grievance for another (where the union wins one, management wins one). Each case should be decided on its merits. 18. Avoid usage of verbosisms like   â€Å"it will be taken care of. † 19. Ensure effective, sensitive and confidential communication between all involved. 0. Take all possible steps to ensure that no victimization occurs as a result of the grievance being raised. 21. The investigator or decision maker acts impartially, which means they must exclude themselves if there is any bias or conflict of interest. 22. All parties are heard and those who have had complaints made against others are given an opportunity to respond. 23. Try to look upon the problem on different angles for appropriate understanding. 24. Ensuring that there is proper investigation of the facts and figures related the problem under concern. 25.Consider all relevant information in the investigation process. 26. Ask the staff member their preferred resolution option, although it is important to make it clear that this may not be a possible outcome. 27. Be aware of the limits of authority of the person who involved in the grievance handling procedures. 28. If the manager feels that he/she is not the appropriate person (senior manager) to deal with the issue refer the complainant to the appropriate person as soon as possible. 29. Try to get a better idea of whether the alleged discrimination or harassment happened or didn’t happen. 0. Tell them exactly what they are supposed to have done, to whom and explain, why this may be seen as discrimination/harassment or as inappropriate. 31. Grievances are preferably to be settled informally at the level of the employee’s immediate supervisor. 32. Try the level best to involve team members to resolve the crisis at unit level itself. 33. Avoid as far as possible the union involvement in conflict resolution situation process. 34. Follow documentation the procedures, of all necessary steps taken to resolve the problem/complaint. ConclusionTo a great extend the aggravation of industrial problems depends on manager’s approaches and attitude in effective handling of employees grievances. Care should be taken in the way managers approaches the problem and perceiving the pros and cons of the situation. The conflict management approaches include the win-win strategy that help in the healthy organisational practices and which reflects the strong organisational culture. The cooperation from both parties is the pre-requisite to handle the problem and effective settlement of the grievances.Conscious use of professional self can help managers in the conflict handling situations grievance redressal process. References 1. European Trade Union Institute (1989) Collective Bargaining in Western Europe 2. Ozaki (1987), ‘Labour Relations in the Public Service,’ IL Review, July – Aug. 3. Schregle J (1991)’Workers Participation in Decisions Within Undertaking’   IL Review Jan – Feb. APSRACT A grievance is a sign of an employee’s discontentment with his job or his relationship with his colleagues.Grievances generally arise out of the day-to-day working relations in an organization. An employee or a trade union protests against an act or policy of the management that they consider as violating employee’s rights. One of the effective ways of minimizing and eliminating the source of an employee’s grievance is by having an ‘open door policy’. An ‘open door policy’facilitates upward communication in the organization where employees can walk into a superiors’cabin at any time and express their grievances. The National Commission on Labor suggested a Model Grievance Procedure, which lays down the sequence of steps to be taken whenever a grievance is expressed. Conflict occurs when two or more people or parties perceive an incompatibility in their goals or expectations. There are seven methods for achieving reconciliation of conflict. These methods are win-lose, withdrawal and retreat from argument, smoothing and playing down the difference, arbitration, mediation, compromise and problem solving. Of all these methods How to cite Handling of Grievance Procedurin Organizations, Papers

Rise Of The Superpowers (USA & USSR) From Events Prior To And During W

Rise of the Superpowers (USA It is often wondered how the superpowers achieved their position of dominance. It seems that the maturing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be traced to World War II. To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, related to this, a strong national ideology. It was this war, and its results, that caused each of these superpowers to experience such a preponderance of power. Before the war, both nations were fit to be described as great powers, but it would be erroneous to say that they were superpowers at that point. To understand how the second World War impacted these nations so greatly, we must examine the causes of the war. The United States gained its strength in world affairs from its status as an economic power. In the years before the war, America was the world's largest producer. In the USSR at the same time, Stalin was implementing his ?f ive year plans' to modernise the Soviet economy. From these situations, similar foreign policies resulted from widely divergent origins. Roosevelt's isolationism emerged from the wide and prevalent domestic desire to remain neutral in any international conflicts. It commonly widely believed that Americans entered the first World War simply in order to save industry's capitalist investments in Europe. Whether this is the case or not, Roosevelt was forced to work with an inherently isolationist Congress, only expanding its horizons after the bombing of Pearl Harbour. He signed the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illegal for the United States to ship arms to the belligerents of any conflict. The act also stated that belligerents could buy only non-armaments from the US, and even these were only to be bought with cash. In contrast, Stalin was by necessity interested in European affairs, but only to the point of concern to the USSR. Russian foreign policy was fundamentally Leninist in its concern to keep the USSR out of war. Stalin wanted to consolidate Communist power and modernise the country's industry. The Soviet Union was committed to collective action for peace, as long as that commitment did not mean that the Soviet Union would take a brunt of a Nazi attack as a result. Examples of this can be seen in the Soviet Unions' attempts to achieve a mutual assistance treaty with Britain and France. These treaties, however, were designed more to create security for the West, as opposed to keeping all three signatories from harm. At the same time, Stalin was attempting to polarise both the Anglo-French, and the Axis powers against each other. The important result of this was the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, which partitioned Poland, and allowed Hitler to start the war. Another side-effect of his policy of playing both sides was that it caused incredible distrust towards the Soviets from the Western powers after 1940. This was due in part to the fact that St alin made several demands for both influence in the Dardanelles, and for Bulgaria to be recognised as a Soviet dependant. The seeds of superpowerdom lie here however, in the late thirties. R.J. Overy has written that ?stability in Europe might have been achieved through the existence of powers so strong that they could impose their will on the whole of the international system, as has been the case since 1945?.? At the time, there was no power in the world that could achieve such a feat. Britain and France were in imperial decline, and more concerned about colonial economics than the stability of Europe. Both imperial powers assumed that empire-building would necessarily be an inevitable feature of the world system. German aggression could have been stifled early had the imperial powers had acted in concert. The memories of World War One however, were too powerful, and the general public would not condone a military solution at that point. The aggression of Germany, and to a les ser extent that of Italy, can be explained by this decline of imperial power. They were simply attempting to fill the power vacuum in Europe

Report for StGeorges School computer system Essays

Report for StGeorges School computer system Essays Report for StGeorges School computer system Essay Report for StGeorges School computer system Essay I chose to research into a local primary school (St Georges) which is located in Littleover, the first task that undertook into researching the systems in place at the school was to gain their permission and to send them a questionnaire to fill which was done by the school secretary and sent back to me. I then setup an interview with the head teacher of the school which would provide me with greater information on the school and how it operates and if they have any IT infrastructure in place already.The investigation was carried out via two different ways which were by a paper based questionnaire and a interview with the head teacher of the school Mr. J F Honey. From the feedback obtained through the questionnaire and interview I was able to complete a presentation on the organisation. The schools budget for a totally new system or for upgrading their current system is i? 15,000 2 THE CURRENT SYSTEM St Georges primary school has many business needs and requirements I have listed them below in bullet point form and then will analyse the schools needs and then research into suitable combinations.The school have had a system in place for just under a year now and have only just had internet installed on their network. The network is used for several business functions which I have listed in the business needs section. However I will now expand on what they use the computer system for and what they still do manually which could easily be implemented on a computerised system Information or data stored by St Georges school are: Pupil data for example their name, age, address, religion, D. O. B, Employee Data for example this could include all employee information about the staff ie. Their name, address, NI number, rate of pay, tax etc.Accounts, Finance, Human Resources this would include all data to do with the schools budget and accounts and also information on human resources. Student Reports There is no current online system for filling out students reports as they are all done manually by their class teachers the reason why they havent yet computerised this part of the businesses functions is because they dont have the available funds for purchasing computer software to allow them write reports nor do they have many pupils to write reports for, compared to a secondary school where they have 2500 pupils so the school has been happy with manually writing reports.Letters Any letters sent from the school are word processed on the computer system and they are printed onto a letterhead that the school has printed for them from a local printing firm, one solution that I wou ld suggest to improve this would be to get the school to print their own letterheads saving money which could be better spent. However if the letter is to a parent of the school the name of the child it is concerning is written on manually.School News Letter The schools newsletter is published every month and given to every pupil in the school however some pupils may have brothers and sisters in the school as well would it be more efficient and save money if only one was given to one family? As the school has many young pupils they may loose them or leave them on the bus or even drop them on the playground. Attendance RegisterThe school uses both electronic and paper based registers to analyse and report on attendance this seems to be a waist of resources to the school and a waste of time for the secretary as the teaching staff will mark the register on paper and then the schools secretary enters this data into a database. Perhaps this could be changed so that the school can comput erise all there attendance data which could save time so that the administrative staff can work on something more important. OutputsWhen all of the information is stored or processed the output can be in a form of an email, letter, phone call, report, memo, fax or student assessment report. Problems with current system Problems associated with the schools current IT infrastructure are that it frequently crashes hence why the school wants a quick upgrade or implementation of a new system. There are also many other problems with the current system which I have listed below with a description on why this is a problem to the users or for the system in generalThe school has to be able to process information that it receives in the forms that have been identified in the report and fairly fast. They process the information that is collected in the form of phone, letter, email, invoices, etc. They also need to process this information some by entering information into their current system i n the way of word processing or working out costs in a spreadsheet package. Output Needs Output needs of the organisation are that they need to output relevant information to paper, or to email, memo etc.The organisations major output need is information being printed on paper and distributing this to either employees internally or externally to parents, the public requiring information about the school, or to the pupils themselves via test results or equivalent. Storage Needs The organisation also has storage needs by this the school has keep copies of all its financial, administration, educational documentation in a manual filing system, this could be implemented onto hard disk which would take up less space and provide more efficiency on more complex tasks the organisation needs to carry out.However this data would have to be backed up encase of any problems that may cause the data to be lost. At present the school keeps all their paperwork in a conventional filing cabinets which takes up a lot of room in there only one office and are looking for ways to reduce this problem. Communication Needs The organisation still communicates with pupils, parents and their members of staff via any of the following methods. Telephone, verbally and Memos.However parents and some teaching staff have expressed an interest in communicating more efficiently by via Email and the mobile telephone SMS this would be used for monitoring attendance levels at the school 4 POTENTIAL SOLUTION USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY I will now identify and list potential solutions using software and hardware in information technology. I would suggest to the school that they would invest in the following software for the reasons listedSoftware (Package Name, Purpose, Cost) Reason for purchase Sage Payroll, Computerise Human Resources information along with Payroll for all employees working in the organisation as no current system is in place within the organisation Office 2003 Suite Offers all the software applications that the users will need to operate the system will also be used by administration for spreadsheets and databasesWindows XP Pro, to be installed/used on each machine on the network allows the users to perform various tasks, Dependent upon a Volume License is purchased from a Microsoft dealer. With a volume license agreement from Microsoft the school can install the latest Operating system without having individual license for each machine this could also include a server license. From analysing the system in place at the school Im going to recommend the following hardware devices in order for the system to work cooperatively with each other among the network.

Political Career Timeline of US President Barack Obama

Political Career Timeline of US President Barack Obama    Barack Hussein Obama II graduated high school with honors in 1979 and was president of the Harvard Law Review long before he ever decided to enter politics. When he decided he wanted to run for the Illinois Senate in 1996, he ensured his candidacy by successfully challenging the nomination petitions of his four competitors. This marked his entry into federal politics.   Timeline of Barack Obama's Political Career 1988: Obama is a summer associate at the Chicago law firm Sidley Austin.1992: Obama graduates from Harvard and returns to Chicago.1995: In July, Obama - at 34 years of age - publishes his first memoir, Dreams From My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. In August, Obama files paperwork to run for incumbent Alice Palmers Illinois Senate seat.1996: In January, Obama has his four competitor petitions invalidated; he emerges as the only candidate. In November, he is elected to the Illinois Senate, which is controlled by Republicans.1999: Obama begins running for Congress.2000: Obama loses his challenge for the congressional seat held by Rep. Bobby Rush.2002: In November, Democrats usurp Republican control of the Illinois Senate.2003-2004: Obama amasses his legislative record and serves as chair of the Health and Human Services Committee.2003: Obama begins running for US Senate; the leading Democratic candidate withdraws in 2004 due to a sex scandal.  David Axelrod [begins having ] camera crews video virtually everything Obama does in public. He uses this footage to create a five-minute online video for the Jan. 16, 2007, announcement that Obama is running for president. 2004: In March, Obama wins the primary with 52% of the vote. In June, his Republican opponent Jack Ryan withdraws due to a sex scandal. He delivers the Democratic National Convention address in July 2004, and in November he is elected to the US Senate with 70% of the vote.2005: Obama files paperwork for his leadership PAC, The Hope Fund, in January. Shortly after his election to the US Senate, he delivered a well-received address arguing faith should have a greater role in public discourse.2006: Obama writes and publishes his book, The Audacity of Hope. In October, he announces he is considering a run for the presidency of the United States.2007: In February, Obama announces his candidacy for US president.  2008: In June, he becomes the Democratic Partys presumptive nominee. In November, he defeats Republican presidential nominee John McCain to become the first African-American president of the United States of America and the 44th president of the country.2009: Obama is inaugurate d in January. In his first 100 days in office, he expands health care insurance for children and provides legal protection for women seeking equal pay. He gets Congress to pass a  $787 billion stimulus bill  to promote short-term economic growth, and he also cuts taxes for working families, small businesses and first-time home buyers. He loosens the ban on embryonic stem cell research and improves relations with Europe, China, Cuba and Venezuela. The president is awarded the  2009 Nobel Peace Prize  for his efforts. 2010: Obama delivers his first State of the Union speech in January. In March, he signs his health care reform plan, known as the Affordable Care Act, into law. Opponents of the act claim that it violates the US Constitution.2011: Obama signs the Budget Control Act to rein in government spending.  He also signs a repeal of the military policy known as Dont Ask, Dont Tell, which prevents openly gay troops from serving in US Armed Forces. In  May, he green lights a covert operation in Pakistan that leads to the killing of al-Qaeda leader  Osama bin Laden  by a team of US Navy SEALs.2012: Obama began running for his second term, and in November, he wins with nearly 5 million more votes than his Republican counterpart.2013: Obama gets a legislative victory with a bipartisan agreement on tax increases and spending cuts, which is a step toward keeping his re-election promise of reducing the federal deficit by raising taxes on the wealthy. In June, his approval ratings tank because of an alleged cover-up of events in Benghazi, Libya; because of allegations that the IRS is targeting conservative political organizations seeking tax-exempt status; and due to revelations about the US National Security Agencys surveillance program. The Obama administration struggles with many domestic and international problems. 2014: Obama orders sanctions on Russia because of its annexation of Crimea. John Boehner sues the president, claiming he has overstepped his executive powers regarding some parts of the Affordable Care Act. Republicans gain  control of the Senate, and now Obama has to contend with the fact that Republicans control both houses of Congress during the final two years of his second term.2015: At his second State of the Union address, he claims that the United States is out of the recession. With Democrats outnumbered, he threatens to use his executive powers to stave off any potential Republican interference in his agenda. Obama has two major Supreme Court victories in this year: The Affordable Care Acts tax subsidies are upheld, and marriage equality becomes reality. Also, Obama and the five world powers reach a historic nuclear deal with Iran. And Obama launches his Clean Power Plan to reduce greenhouse gases and emissions.2016: In his final year in office, Obama tackles gun control but is met with strong opposition from both parties. He delivers his final State of the Union address on January 12, 2016. In March, he becomes the first sitting US president since 1928 to visit Cuba. 2017: Obama delivers his farewell address in January in Chicago. During his last day in office on January 19 - he announces that he will commute the sentences of 330 nonviolent drug offenders. Also in his final days, Obama  presented Vice President Joe Biden with the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction.

Shamanism in Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Shamanism in Korea - Essay Example The study of Shamanism gives an extremely interesting understanding of indigenous folk religions of Northeast Asia. Shamanism deals with a wide range of practices and beliefs through which their practitioners (shamans) communicate with the spiritual world. Ordinary individuals can only become shamans when they receive their calling. They tread supernatural dimensions and specialize in spiritual, mental and physical healing with the help of spirits (San-Hung A3). The present paper portrays an overview of shamanism in Korea. Korean shamanism is still an active practice and is deeply rooted in the people's ethnic consciousness (Stutley 23). It not only coexisted with other major religions such as Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, but also influenced them. The rituals performed by Korean shamans range from pig offerings for placating the gods, to walking barefoot on sharp knives to intimidate evil spirits (San-Hung A3). Shamanism in Korea has a rich history. It has affect ed the political, cultural and religious aspects of the country and survived years of suppression by foreign and local powers. This paper attempts to provide a brief overview of Korean shamanism, detailing its origins, concepts of god, rituals, songs, materialistic beliefs, and healing therapies. It also discusses the suppressions experienced by shamanism, and its post-modern revival. This would provide a good understanding of the Korean folk religion that is witnessing a growing interest from all quarters of the world. Korean Shamanism Overview Shamanism in Korea is known as sin'gyo, which means 'the religion of the gods'. It includes a sun and a bear cult apart from ancestor worship, suggesting a link between Korean shamanism and Siberian, Manchurian and Central Asian cultures. Prior to the advent of the Choson Dynasty, Korean shamans had a high social status and some were even rulers. For instance, the second ruler of the Sila Dynasty, Namhae, was a shaman. The high social standi ng and privileges enjoyed by shamans were lost since the arrival of other religions in South Korea. Yet, there were about 100,000 shamans in Korea in 1973. Until Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910, most shamans retained their functions at national sacrificial and royal rites. The Japanese destroyed most of the native religion by arresting shamans and raiding sacrificial ceremonies and offerings. Once Korea was liberated from Japan in 1945, shamans and their followers were persecuted by hostile Christians, who called them "devotees of the devil" (Stutley 23). Shamanism in Communist North Korea had to go underground due to its intolerance towards the folk religion. Shamanism in Korea is based on native ancient beliefs and traditions. Most shamans are women who found their calling after realizing they could serve as mediators between the spirit world and the human world, after surviving a critical sickness. According to their beliefs, spirits of ancestors, animals, trees and even non-l iving things exist in the air and interact with people, affecting their lives and fortunes (San-Hung A3). The Origin of Korean Shamanism The origin of Korean shamanism is not certain and is difficult to determine (Lee 135). This is because of the complexity of the religion as its practices diversified in different provinces, making it difficult to trace the source of its origin. Unsuccessful attempts were made during the end of the Yi Dynasty to unify the various practices of shamanism into one system (Lee I 135). While the term Mu was used to refer to shamans prior to the Yi Dynasty,

Tourism Utah National Parks - Zion Research Paper

Tourism Utah National Parks - Zion - Research Paper Example Zion has some specific geological features that distinguish this national park from others. Zion is located at Colorado Plateau. Zion is characterized by a feature called Grand Staircase that formed as a result of uplift, tilting, and erosion of rock layers (The geology of Zion). Zion situates near the sea level and is seen as a flat basin in appearance. The eroded muds, sands, and gravels from surrounded mountains reached the basin and shaped Zion. It formed various layers at Zion. The mineral-laden waters gradually filtered through the accumulated sediments; and thereby the functioning of cementing agents like iron oxide, calcium carbonate, and silica have played a great role in transforming the deposits into stone (The geology of Zion). The volcanic activities at Zion region allowed the lava flow and cinder cones to form. In addition, there are ranges of other geological phenomena frequently occurring in the region. As discussed above, Zion National Park has many fascinating geolo gical as well as ecological features that attract large number of visitors to the park. Stynes reports that in 2006; there were 2.57 million recreation visits in Zion national park. Since thousands of people visit the park daily, all of them do not get staying facilities at park lodges. Therefore, several people depend on local lodges, motels, and cabins. In addition, the visitors greatly rely on local industries as they cannot get all their requirements inside the park. It greatly contributes to the sustainable growth of the local economy. For instance, as Stynes asserts, $113 million spent by park visitors assisted the economy to generate 2,432 job opportunities and increase the sale revenue to $143 million. The park itself employed large number of people and still creates new job opportunities. Hence, the Zion Park has considerably enhanced the overall development of the local economy. There are several common issues that affect national parks including Zion. Majority of the nati onal parks cannot use their resources to their fullest because of various reasons including lack of money, staff, and coordination (Top 10 issues facing national parks). National parks need to preserve the historic buildings and architectures as it reflects the culture of America; however, its maintenance costs are very high. In recent days, the areas surrounding national parks are being largely used for agriculture and living purposes; and these activities have adversely affected the wildlife to a large extent (Top 10 issues facing national parks). Foreign species’ invasion may affect park’s ecological balance as this process causes the extinction of natural species. In addition, construction activities also have become threats to the existence of national parks since these activities may lead to adverse environmental changes. Human caused noises also have a negative impact on the wildlife and it would negatively affect the sustainability of the national parks. At thi s juncture, the Soundscape Management becomes inevitable for the national parks. In order to protect the naturality of Zion national parks, various measures have been adopted. According to Havnes, these policies’ main intention is to protect the attributes of sound and thereby benefit the wildlife and nearly 3 million annual visitors to the park. As the writer describes, the park has been using ultra modern technologies to

Affirmative Action Essay: Time to Stop Special Privileges

Affirmative Action: Time to Stop Special Privileges      Ã‚  Ã‚   Imaging being a young, black, grad-student, fresh out of law-school, looking for a job. You find and apply for the career of your dreams, only to find later that you didn't get the job. Petitioning the employer for an explanation, you find that you weren't hired due to the color of your skin. Wouldn't this enrage you? Would you cry "discrimination", and take the employer to court? Many people would sympathize with you and grant you the decision in the court case. Discrimination like that has no place in today's society. Now imagine the exact same scenario, only instead of being black, you're white. You find and apply for the career of your dreams, only to find later that you didn't get the job. Petitioning the employer for an explanation, you find you weren't hired due to the color of your skin. Wouldn't this enrage you? Would you cry "discrimination", and take the employer to court? Most people in today's society would have no sympathy for you. Because of being white, i t is assumed that you've had more opportunities and more people have helped you on your way in life. Is this fair? In two scenarios, identical in everything except for skin tone, two complete opposite conclusions have been drawn. What brought this about?    "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (Declaration of Independence . pp. 20)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States was founded on the ideals that equality was a right of all mankind, and all people should be allowed to better their lives. However, the existence of slavery took away these rights from African-Americans. After the Civil War abolished slavery, many white people believed blacks were inferior and the... ...e available to all, or none.       Bibliography    Biskupic, Joan. "Affirmative-action ban gets green light" The Denver Post . Nov. 4, 1997    "Declaration ofIndependance" The World's Great Classics. Basic Documents of American History. New York:Grolier, Inc. pp. 20-25    Gwynne, S.C. "Back to the Future" Time . Jun. 2, 1997. pp. 48 Hutchison, Keely. Positive and Negative Implications for Individuals. [online] University of South Carolina. Available: http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/academics/schdept/psych/Impla1.htm    Pooley, Eric. "Fairness or Folly?" Time . Jun. 23, 1997. pp. 32-36 Tyson, Amanda. History of Affirmative Action. [online] University of South Carolina. Available: http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/academics/schdept/psych/ahist.htm    Whitaker, William A. "Affirmative Reaction" Harper's Magazine . May1997. p. 24-25

American Communist Party Essay

The play ‘The Crucible’ was written by an American author named Arthur Miller in 1953. It is set in Salem Massachusetts 1692 and is about the Salem witch trails. Miller was in his twenties during the 1950’s. When there was an era of paranoia of communism. The government feared America becoming a communist nation and this is now known as time of McCarthyism, named after Senator Joseph McCarthy, who claimed the he had a list of 205 people in the State department that where known to be members of the American Communist Party. McCarthy the HUAC and the FBI worked together and interrogated numerous people, particularly people in the entertainment industry Due to this modern day witch hunt many people lost their jobs pr they would name other people in order to save themselves. Miller was also questioned, but in 1956 the hysteria was dying down so he managed to escape punishment without naming others. This era is similar to what occurred in Salem during 1692. In Salem a small coastal settlement appeared after the arrival of the pilgrims (from England) in 1690. The people lived a very strict puritan lifestyle; this meant they followed the Christian rules rigorously. The Salemites were ruled by a Theocracy, which was a form of government operated by the church. These people were highly superstitious and believed in the devil, which explains how the idea of witchcraft took hold so strongly in Salem. However witchcraft was not to blame, it was only used to settle disputes and revenge in the village. In the play Reverend Samuel Parris has disputes over his contract demonstrating the society was already divvied. His daughter, niece and their friends began a fortune telling circle with Parris’ Slave Tituba. Their unstable behaviour quickly led to the conclusion that they were bewitched. In Salem any actions against God were taken seriously, the society felt the need to discover all the perpetrators of witchcraft and this led to a witch-hunt, which was overcome by mass hysteria. This hysteria became out of hand resulting in one hundred people being imprisoned and 19 people and 2 dogs being hung. In the play Reverend Parris fears his girls are bewitched. At the beginning of Act one he find the girls dancing in the forest and so summons. Parris is talking to Reverend Hale and expert in seeking out bewitched. The extract from act one begins with Parris stating how He claims He saw a Kettle in the grass where Abigail and her friends were. ‘I think I ought to say that I-I saw a kettle in the grass where they were dancing’ this changes the tone of the conversation, as everything becomes more serious now with suggestions of witchcraft. Hale begins to interrogate Abigail. The audience see how Parris is unsure about whether to say this after catching this daughter and niece in the woods. He hesitates in his speech. , this is due to the fact that a kettle can be seen to represent a cauldron linking the girls to witchcraft. The kettle can also represent the heat of the crucible, which is supposed to purify things. Which foreshadows events to come and the witch-hunts that will happen as a result of this. Abigail during her interrogation tries to explain her actions ‘She never drank it ‘ No sir! ‘ The exclamation mark demonstrates to the audience how desperate Abby is to save herself. During the interrogation the pace increases together with the tension ‘I never sold myself! I’m a good girl! I’m a proper girl! ‘ Here Miller uses the technique Stichomythia the audience see how desperate she is to be believed. This is also dramatic irony, as the audience knows that she is not a proper girl as they have previously seen cursing Goody Proctor in the woods. In her desperation to save herself she actively accuses Tituba and tries to position the blame and responsibility on someone else. As the audience witnesses this they realise Abigail will go to any lengths to save herself and would be disliked greatly by the audience. Then Tituba enters. Immediately Abby visually accuses her as well as verbally accusing her. ‘She made me do it! She made Betty do it! ‘ At this point the audience are shocked that she can blame Tituba to her face, as she is supposed to be Tituba’s friend. The audience’s emotions are reflected by Tituba’s stage directions (, shocked, and angry) but Abigail claims that Tituba made her drink blood. Parris repeats blood and Mrs Putnam, who is obsessed with the loss of her babies questions ‘ My Babies blood? ‘ as she is trying to find someone to accuse for her babies deaths. The repetition of the word blood emphasises the evil nature of witchcraft and suddenly events become more serious. There is also repetition of the word devil ‘have you enlisted these children to the devil? ‘ Tituba claims ‘I don’t truck with no devil’ this represents the evil in witchcraft and highlights the seriousness of the situation to the audience, especially for Tituba who is now being accused with doing evil and as being under the devils influence. However this is ironic as the audience see how she is not being controlled by the devil but by Abigail, suggesting again that Abigail is very manipulative and clever ‘She sends her spirit on me in the church, she makes me laugh at prayer! ‘ She also accuses Tituba of making her drink blood every night. This is also ironic as it is Abigail who is manipulating Tituba and perhaps the audience may see playing the role as she manipulates Abigail twisting the situation so things become worse for Tituba but better for herself. Abigail chooses Tituba as her scapegoat because she has a low status, as a slave and that no one will listen to her as she tries to defend herself. Hale and Parris begin to interrogate Tituba more intensely and Tituba tries to defend herself but she is powerless, she is a black servant in the household, someone who has no voice. ‘ I have no power on this child sir! ‘ Hale and Parris don’t listen to her again reinforcing to the audience of Tituba’s low status. Parris has more power over her and she knows this. It is this power they use to try and get her to confess. ‘†¦ I will take you take you out and whip you to your death†¦ ‘ This makes Tituba panic ‘No, no don’t hang Tituba’ and demonstrates how Tituba is at the mercy of Hale Tituba’s life is in his hands and she as well as the audience knows this. The language that Hale uses demonstrates to the audience that he is also manipulative. He tries to put words in Tituba’s mouth in order to make her confess so he can show that he is good at what he does. ‘When did you compact with the devil? ‘Then you saw him? ‘ This eventually breaks Tituba down ‘(terrified, falls to her knees)’ She begins to cry, seeing that a confession is the only way to save herself ‘I do believe somebody be witching these children’ Hale, satisfied that Tituba is beginning to confess, changes his tone. He begins to lead he in his questioning so she can give a full confession he continues to manipulate her ‘And you love God Tituba? ‘ Tituba responds ‘ I love God with all my being’ Tituba confesses but at first doesn’t want to name people so she says she saw a woman but claims it was too dark to see. This emphasises to the audience that in comparison to Abigail she is a loyal and kind character’ It was black dark’ this metaphor of darkness represents the characters’ vision being obscured, which can also be the in ability to see the truth preparing the audience for the terror and hysteria to come. The pace of the conversation emphasizes the tension where Hale tries to get Tituba to confess. Tituba is coaxed into confessing and into naming others after Hale takes her hand. She is surprised because Hale appears to be treating her as and equal. ‘We will protect you’ and Tituba kisses Hale’s hand as if she is grasping for the chance to save herself and now she sees a way to do this. For this reason Hale becomes self-righteous believing he has the divine power to bring out wrong doers. ‘You are Gods instrument’ He tells Tituba that she can help bring out the devils pawns and so Tituba eventually gives names ‘there was Goody Good’ ‘And Goody Osburn’ the names suggested to her earlier by Mrs Putnam again emphasizing to the audience the farce and hysteria that will ensue . Mrs Putnam hearing this Is satisfied and sees a way of reeking revenge. Hale who plays on Tituba’s love for Betty uses images of light and dark. ‘The Devils out and preying on her life like a beast’ (Satan) ‘upon the flesh of the pure lamb’ (Jesus) This is religious imagery used because it reinforces the subject and also represents the devil as something dire i. e. ‘beast’ telling the audience how awful the devil is, Jesus is represented as a pure lamb to sound innocent and untainted. ‘ABIGAIL rises, staring as though inspired’ realising this is how Abigail is described in the stage directions the audience realise how clever Abigail is, she sees that she can control others without any consequences. The tension now is rising rapidly because the audience are unsure of what Abigail will do next. The stage directions read ‘(she is enraptured as though in a pearly light)’ as if to the other characters she has seen the light of God. ‘I want the light off God, I want the sweet love of Jesus’ the repetition of ‘I’ informs the audience that she is self-obsessed. And this is ominous. This outburst is caused because Abigail can see that Tituba is not only in the clear but she can also gain power from blaming others. Abigail wants to be seen, as an instrument of God but the audience knows this is ironic as Abigail is only jealous of the attention that Tituba receives. Suddenly Betty awakes and start chanting like Abigail as if she is cleansed of her sins. Parris says a prayer but Betty is unaffected this time, which demonstrates to the audience that she was never bewitched but to the other characters it is a demonstration of how Betty is cleansed of the Devils spirit. ‘BETTY is rising from the bed, a fever in her eyes’ this creates a dramatic impact on the audience where the tension hits a climax. This signals the beginning of the hysteria. It also foreshadows the dramatic things to. Abigail begins to take pleasure in making accusations ‘It is rising to a great glee’ Putnam says ‘The Marshall. I’ll call the Marshall’ and this prepares the audience for the next Act. The repetition of Devil informs the audience that the tension is climatic, increased by the Stichomythia. The curtain falls as the girls are still chanting names. This makes the audience wonder how many more people are going to be named. The end also leaves the audience in shock and suspense but prepares them for the hysteria about to sweep through Salem.

Analyse Ways Of Promote Equality And Value Diversity Essay

Analyse ways to promote equality and value diversity. Equality permits all students the privilege to have access to and participate in education despite their disability or different conditions. Gravells (2008) believes that Disparity and separation ought to be attached to guarantee reasonableness, respectability and regard among learners. Working with grown-ups with learning disabilities, as a mentor, it is vital that I approach an efficient and inclusive learning environment where can ensure students differing qualities trusted. On the off chance that as a guide, I am ready to look the differing qualities of my understudies and grasp it, I can show others how it was done and advance and generic domain. This positive illustration can empower different student or partners to regard people contrasts and that their information and thoughts are esteemed. It can make a positive learning knowledge for all students and take into account better working connections and enhance student execution as they feel inspired and included. Actualizing correspondence and different qualities inside instructing can shield individuals from damage as a guide I can show others how done, and guarantee understudies esteem every other contrast as opposed to segregate as a result of those distinctions. Petty (2004) thinks that You will have extr aordinary impact on students who appreciate and respect you. All associations or learning establishments have arrangements set up to promoteShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination and Young People706 Words   |  3 Pagesdraft Feb 2010 Title Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people 3 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity 1.2 Explain the importance of promoting the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality of access 1.3 Explain the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with children andRead MoreBusiness Economic1655 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreUnit 21672 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read Moreunderstand diversity, equality and inclusion in own are of responsibility1243 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CU2943 1.1 Explain models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. Equality is to treat all as individuals; to respect race, disability, age, gender, religion, beliefs, culture and sexual orientation. For all to be open to opportunities, to be treated fairly and respectfully, have rights and equal status in society and for all to reach their full potential. Diversity is to value that we are all unique and yet similar. We have different needsRead MoreLevel 5 Health and Social Care 503 Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesUNIT 503 Learning outcome Understand diversity, equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility 1.1.1 There are two models that link with equality, diversity and inclusion, the first one is the social model of disability which views discrimination and prejudice as being embedded in today’s society, their attitude’s and their surrounding environment. The social model focuses on who the adult is as person not what their disability or diagnosis is, the focus is on how to improve and empowerRead MorePTLLS Overview1077 Words   |  5 Pagescredit value (at Level 4) 12 Total GLH 4 x units (each @ 12 GLHs) = 48 Units being run and assessed: Group Unit title Level Credit value GLH A Roles and responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning 4 3 12 Learning outcomes: The learner will Assessment Criteria: The learner can 1. Understand own role and responsibilities in lifelong learning 1.1 Summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own role and responsibilities 1.2 Analyse ownRead MoreTDA 3.61678 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 306 Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Outcome 1 Promote equality and diversity in work with children and young people 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity The education act is based towards the school responsibilities towards children with special educational needs. It means schools must provide resources, equipment and extra support to meet the needsRead More4DEP Activity 1894 Words   |  4 Pagestwo crucial areas: Strategy, Insights Solutions Develop an understanding of the organization, its’ stakeholders and the environment it works in. Gather and analyse data to determine areas of threat or opportunity. Share insights with colleagues and managers to influence the development of policies, ensuring diversity and equality is considered in all cases. Discuss changes with employees, ensuring they have an understanding of the reason behind it and expectations. Keep records and reviewRead MoreLevel 3 Diploma In Health And Social Care Docx Assignment Brief1808 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Level 3 Diploma in Health and Social Care (Adults) for England (QCF) All Mandatory Units Knowledge and Performance Criteria Unit 1: Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings Unit code: SHC 31 1.1 Identify the different reasons people communicate 1.2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting 2.1 Demonstrate how to establish the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals 2.2 DescribeRead MoreHealth Care Management13705 Words   |  55 PagesHealthcare Management (QCF)  © ATHE Ltd 2011 Level 7 Healthcare Management, Nov 2011 v1 About ATHE We are an Ofqual regulated awarding organisation that specialises in management qualifications. Our QCF qualifications are designed in such a way that the course delivery can be as flexible and learner driven as the centre chooses, allowing centres to target learners with different profiles. We are a small and dedicated awarding organisation that is committed to the highest standards of service