The Radar and World War II - 1626 Words

How did the development of the radar during World War II help the United States during the Pacific War? This investigation evaluates the development of naval radar technology during the WWII and how the improvements of the radar helped the US to succeed in the war. To see the change throughout the years, the essay will include the radar before the WWII. The time period will during 1900-1945. Radar was researched by the British in the 1930s as a means to track migratory birds using radio waves to bounce off objects back to a receiver. The length of time it takes that radio signal to be sent then received gives you some idea of how far away the object is. It was not a scientific tool as designed, but the Royal Air Force saw it might be able to be used to locate aircraft - they formed a committee to investigate that, and RDF (radio detection finding) was born which was later abbreviated to radar. The two sources used in the essay are For Better or for Worse: The Marriage of Science and Government in the United States and The war in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay by Harry A. Gailey will be evaluated for their purpose, value, and limitations. The essay focuses on how the developments of the radar affected the naval radar use by US during World War II. I will discuss how the ideas of the radar came about in Europe and later moved to the US. The essay consists of analysis of how it was used to aid the US on the battlefield against the Japanese and how it was developedShow MoreRelatedOn the Evolution of War802 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Evolution of War World War II was the first â€Å"high-tech† war. While there had been new technologies in World War I, they did not have the lasting impact on modern society like World War II innovations. During the Second World War, countries poured all of their resources into developmental and operations research. Scientists invented technologies for practical and immediate purposes instead of conducting experiments to more deeply understand the natural world. The World War II weapons race forRead MoreThe World War II: Air War1180 Words   |  5 Pages World War II was one of the deadliest military conflicts in history. There were many different battles that took place within this war; some more important than others. World War II began once Germany’s new dictator, Adolf Hitler, decided that he wanted to gain power for Germany and for himself. One of Hitler’s first moves in power was invading Poland on September 1, 1939. Many other countries became involved in this war because of the alliance system. The two sides during this war were the AlliesRead MoreEssay on Effects of Technology in the 1940’s739 Words   |  3 PagesThe 40’s were best known for World War II, but did you know that Velcro was invented during this time period? In the 1940’s, technological changes occurred with their effects being both positive and negative, but these effects have benefited society more by being the basis of many things used today. The technology in the 1940’s had undergone many changes. Some of the changes in technology were that the first US jet plane was flown . Also, the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb wereRead MoreInventions and Advancements that Took Place During World War II1655 Words   |  7 Pagesplace during World War II have shaped and affected lives around the world. Although most inventions during that time were made specifically for the war, they managed to find their way into mainstream life (Science). Like an infectious disease, technological advancements boomed and became contagious, spreading around the world. World War II has advanced technology, science, math, and medicine; and it has affected the lives of people now and in the 1940s more than any other war fought. Radar made an enormousRead MoreMajor Innovations And Occurred During World War II1000 Words   |  4 PagesWhat particular innovations and occurred during World War II and what geographic considerations were necessary for planners and politicians in terms of strategy and tactics? As World War II progressed, the advancements that had shown up on and in the combat zones, seas and the overall attitude of World War I were enhanced and made considerably more viable and lethal. I will be going over a few of the innovations during World War II as well as a few of the tactics and strategies used when overcomingRead MoreTechnology And Science More Than World War II876 Words   |  4 PagesNo other war in history has had such a profound impact on technology and science more than World War II did. There were numerous new scientific principles and inventions that emerged during the war. This includes thing such as the automatic aircraft (which is known today as a cruise missile) and also the ballistic missile (flew into space before falling down on its target). These missiles were later developed and helped launch the first American astronauts to space. Other technological advancementsRead MoreThe Impact Of Aircraft On The United Kingdom Of World War II863 Words   |  4 Pagesconflicts and events, such as â€Å"radar jamming systems†, were developed in order to insure the safety of those on the ground and in the sky. At the dawn of World War II, the U.S. were in no way a threat to any other country, yet were serving partially as a provider for its European allies. Have been given freedom to do so by the Lend-Lease bill, the U.S provided significant military supplies and other aids mostly to the United Kingdom and other allies involved in the war against Nazi Germany. ItRead MoreAir Defense Artillery1088 Words   |  5 Pagescoalition forces and allies. In this period of warfare, the number one threat comes in the form of air breathing and ballistic missiles. During World War II, this threat was present, but was not thought to be prevalent. Following World War I, and into the beginning of World War II, the United States of America was still recuperating from the first war, and therefore did not engage. The focus was reestablishing the military in the form of personnel and equipment. It was becoming evident thatRead MoreThe Canadians Involvement During World War II1257 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Germany invaded Poland on September 1st 1939 the world went to war for the second time in 27 years. One country, albeit overtly expansionist in its aims, had simply invaded another, but the omens were not good. Unbelievably, so soon after the war that will end war , nations and their leaders had allowed another conflict to threaten the planet. The scope of this new war was not yet apparent, the truth dawning gradually; this one would last six years, involve more than two hundred countriesRead MoreHow Has World War II Affected The Growth Of Information Technology And Information Gathering Techniques?1239 Words   |  5 P agesSection A: Plan of Investigation My research question is â€Å"How has World War II affected the growth of information technology and information gathering techniques?† During World War II (1939-1945), both the Allied and Axis forces developed methods to uncover more information about their enemies, as well as protect themselves from this espionage. This drive to develop their information led to creation of communication and information technologies, as well as techniques. To determine how specifically

The Therapeutic Process and the Therapeutic Relationship...

This essay will explore the nature of the therapeutic process; using my fifty minute long real play session with one of my colleagues. Also, I will explore my experience of the therapeutic relationship and how it influences therapeutic change and increase the affectivity of the therapy. In addition to this, I will be attaining feedback from my client after discussing each stage of the therapeutic process in detail to help me understand what worked well for the client and gain more insight into what I need to improve in order for my future sessions to be more successful. Before the beginning of the session, I made sure I place the chairs in an appropriate position to promote equality and decrease the power dynamic between myself and the†¦show more content†¦I made sure I used a welcoming tone as the way a counsellor greets their client will influence the clients feeling towards the counsellor, and their confidence in the counsellor. It is equally important to be friendly so that the client feels at ease and valued as a human being. However counsellors need to refrain from putting on an act and remain congruent and true to themselves from the beginning, while trying to meet them in a person to person encounter to avoid intimidation Geldard and Geldard (2005) . i asked her brief questions about her name and how she was to get acquainted with her and build rapport. Asking questions helps facilitate a dialogue and encourages the client to talk and tell their story Miller (2006). The client seemed tense and uneasy and spoke with a very high tone of voice when she greeted me and introduced herself. When asked about the main reason for turning to therapy, she started fidgeting and looked unsettled; this could be because of the unfamiliar environment or she was not sure if she trusted me enough to tell me her story. Either way, I remained silent whilst maintaining eye contact to give her the space, time she needed in order to settle down and work out what she wanted to bring to the session. The client seemed very confused as though she was not sure of what to say and looked up the ceiling taking pauses, blinking, sighing as she spoke about the presenting issue. i nodded continuously toShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Being A Nurse Patient Communication996 Words   |  4 Pagesresources that separates the therapeutic and non-therapeutic communications for health care providers. The chosen articles are related to PICOT statement. Therapeutic communications can be applied for every single patient in hospital including patients with COPD. First of all, therapeutic communication is the â€Å"ability to use one’s personality consciously and in full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to structure nursing intervention† (therapeutic communication in psychiatricRead MorePersuasion And Healing : A Comparative Study Of Psychotherapy Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pages In an attempt to further examine the nature of the therapeutic process and its effects on change, Jerome Frank joined forces with his daughter, Julia Frank, as co-author to the latest edition of his book called, Persuasion and healing: A comparative study of psychotherapy. The book’s main theoretical model points revolve around healing in all forms during psychotherapy and the role of persuasion and rhetoric in that process. To illustrate the diverse forms of help cross-culturally, heRead MoreAssignment Questions On Mastering Competencies1137 Words   |  5 Pageswith Rupture Resolution Strategies: A Proposal and Re commendations by Daniel J. Gaztambide, as cited in Safran et al., (2011), rupture is defined â€Å"as a tension or breakdown in the collaborative relationship between patient and therapist,† ranging from minor transactions that over time may impact the relationship to more dramatic negative processes such as overt hostility (P 185). Safran and Muran (2000) call this â€Å"rupture markers.† As the name suggests, rupture markers are signals that a strain or incongruenceRead MoreEssay on Establishing a Therapeutic Alliance1107 Words   |  5 Pages Research has shown that a strong therapeutic alliance is necessary for establishing a beneficial contact between the therapist and the client. If the therapist does not encourage the creation of a reliable therapeutic alliance from the beginning of the treatment, it will be hard to develop a constructive relationship with the client later. Establishing the therapeutic alliance will increase the chances of achieving t he goal of the treatment because the clients will be willing to cooperateRead MoreWhy the Clinician-Client Relationship is Critical to the Outcome of Therapy1333 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Why the Clinician-Client Relationship is Critical to the Outcome of Therapy Kori McCurren Columbia College Abstract The following will discuss the benefits of a positive Clinician-Client relationship during the therapeutic process. It will discuss different ways to foster Clinician and Client relationship in order to gain a positive report. It will provide supporting evidence that the relationship positively influences the outcome of the therapy. It will show the viewRead MoreWhat Makes A Successful Therapeutic Relationship?1093 Words   |  5 Pagescreate a successful therapeutic relationship, there are some key elements that need to be a part of the formula. Each therapist may end up having a different recipe, but it is important that a therapist knows what ingredients he or she may need and what they can add for it to be successful. Throughout this paper, this writer will discuss characteristics she hopes to embody as a therapist, as well as the values and skills she wishes to bring with her into a therapeutic relationship. Values There areRead MorePerson Centered Therapy : A Critical Analysis1606 Words   |  7 Pagesbriefly outlines what PCT is, but focuses more heavily on the various approaches used by social workers throughout the therapeutic relationship. More specifically, PCT approaches such as, counselor/client congruence, empathic understanding, and unconditional positive regard are the main approaches highlighted in this analysis as they play an integral role in the counseling relationship. â€Æ' Person-Centered Therapy: A Critical Analysis of PCT Approaches Often social workers are faced with having toRead MoreReflection on Video Vignette Pregnant Stroke1011 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay, I aim to elaborate on my knowledge and understanding of therapeutic communication prior to and after observing the video ‘Handover’ relating to ‘Pregnant stroke’; scenario-based videos. In particular, my focus is to relate the techniques utilized in the video for therapeutically communicating with the client with construction and enhancement of my personal skills of therapeutic communication, through analyzation and reflection. The video initiated as the paramedic staff informedRead MoreGroup Dynamics And Therapeutic Factors947 Words   |  4 Pages(1) Group Dynamics and Therapeutic Factors As Yalom stated therapeutic change is an enormously complex process that occurs through an intricate interplay of human experience. What Yalom is inferring to in regards to therapeutic change is that individuals are skeptic towards change because it brings discomfort but in the group setting change is inevitable. Through the course of therapy, individuals are bound to change due to the many different group mechanisms that play out. Many theorists haveRead MoreThe Five Stages Of Counseling Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pages The five stages of counseling, relationship building, assessment, goal setting, intervention, and termination form the basic counseling structure, regardless of the type of therapeutic form the therapist chooses to practice. The counseling process becomes a continuous flow from one stepping-stone to the next in order to achieve the client’s goals and improve well-being. The first stages build a foundation by establishing rapport and assessing the problem; the middle stages work toward finding solutions

Against School Uniforms Free Essays

All around the United States more and more schools and switching to the idea of school uniforms. Schools think that this uniform policy will help bring down crime rates, gangs, improve the schools over all academic achievement, and level out social discriminations among students. Although this theory may become true to someone who wants it to be true, other skeptics looking into this are finding that these positive influences from uniforms are merely misconceptions. We will write a custom essay sample on Against School Uniforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schools’ academic achievements are not influenced by the clothes that students have on their backs. Neither is the crime rate in that school. There were theories that gang members could sneak into schools by wearing that schools uniform and blending in with everyone. Some students are even saying that uniforms will not stop them from discriminating other kids since they still know who is rich and who is poor. Although our society thinks that forcing students to wear uniforms to school will cure all problems, they better think twice. School uniforms should not be allowed in public schools because they are not cost effective, they deprive students’ rights to express themselves, and lastly, they do not increase the status of the school who adopted the uniform policy. One of the reasons that school uniforms should not be allowed in schools because they are not cost effective. One reason why they are not cost effective is because some families cannot afford multiple uniforms, plus the clothes that students wear outside of school (Pakhare 1). Unlike the students who can afford three, four, or five uniforms, the poorer students’ one uniform will look worn out and used by mid-semester compared to everyone else (Stainburn 1). It will be easier to pick out the kids who cannot afford much. The social boundaries that uniforms were trying to get rid of will still occur with or without them (Cruz 47). The second reason behind why school uniforms are not cost effective is because schools think that having uniforms will cover up the fact that all students have a different amount of wealth, yet students still know who is rich and who is poor. Uniform pieces differ from one another. There are expensive pieces, and there are basic pieces (Chaika 1). The uniforms that students buy can set them apart on the social ladder at school; just as well as normal clothing can (1). Schools do not want kids â€Å"killing each other over designer jackets,† which is why they take in the uniform policy in the first place (1). Students who switch to different schools with uniforms frequently can be majorly impacted financially (1). Constantly buying new uniforms for those different schools can definitely drain that person’s money, thus not making school uniforms cost effective. In addition to school uniforms not being cost effective, they also deprive students of their right to freedom of expression. The first reason is that it violates the First Amendment. The First Amendment gives all citizens the right to freedom of expression and when schools make students all dress a certain way, then that takes away their right. It is unlawful to take away individuals’ freedoms since they have a right to those freedoms (â€Å"Current Events† 3). Any student who gets expelled or suspended for violating the dress code, say that it is blockading their right of free public education (Cook 1). The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) said, â€Å"We think ordering school uniforms violates the First Amendment because it impacts on the freedom of expression† (3). Teachers also can be affected by this issue. They are the ones who have to put up with penalizing the students who break the dress code. A student in San Diego complained that â€Å"Teachers say they want us to be different, and then we all have to dress the same way† (3). Parents think that this policy is not a good idea, either. A parent in San Diego stated, â€Å"They have no right to make it mandatory. It’s against the rights of students and kids† (3). The second reason that school uniforms deprive students of their freedom of expression is that they make it harder for kids to find their identity in our modern society when they look exactly like everyone else (Cruz 46). As children grow up, they are supposed to make their own decisions while they learn from the mistakes they make, but the uniforms that the schools slap on kids is not a choice that they can decide on their own (47). The ACLU once stated, â€Å"Ban every individual expression and what you have left are not students, but soldiers† (47-48). This proves that each and every student’s right to freedom of expression is snatched away from them. The third and final reason why school uniforms should not be allowed in schools is that they do not improve the standards of a school. Some call it the ‘band-aid’ approach because instead of actually trying to solve the deeper issues in the school, they just mask all the problems by forcing students to wear uniforms (Cruz 43). One reason is that schools think that they will decrease the violence. They are mistaken because fights and other acts of misconduct will always happen in schools no matter what kind of clothes they wear (45). Students will always have grudges against other students and that will never change depending on the type of clothing they choose to wear. Uniforms cannot transform a bad student into a good one, they just dress them up to look like a good one (44). A student that created a problem before, will continue to create problems regardless of what they are wearing (Pakhare 1). Schools have socioeconomic groups that they want to break up in order to level out the social standards. One of those groups is gangs (2). Gangs are a growing problem in schools these days, but the clothes they wear in schools without uniform policies, can help others distinguish them from other students. If a school with gangs starts up the school uniform policy, it would be easier for gang members that are outside of the school, to sneak into that school to create some violence and mischief. Since everyone matches, you would not be able to distinguish a gang member from and actual student (Cruz 44). Another reason that school uniforms do not improve the standards of schools is that they do not improve school’s academic achievements. Studies have shown that uniforms had absolutely no correlation to test scores (Stainburn 1). Schools think that the sameness of everybody, because of the uniforms, will help students focus more on their studies, rather then what they look like. Although kids still find ways to discriminate one another, with or without uniforms, it still makes focusing on studies one hundred percent of the time difficult (1). Even in uniforms were in order, students will still stay distracted and will have to deal with daily discriminations (2). Schools have still found ways to improve academic achievements, which will incidentally improve their status, without the aid of uniforms (2). Because of the fact that school uniforms cost too much money, take away students’ rights, and do not increase a school’s reputation, they should not be required in schools. They do not have a useful purpose and there is no point of forcing students to wear them when they do not want to in the first place. It is only a matter of time before school districts realize how useless uniforms have become. Children that are forced to wear these uniforms do not like them, and neither to the parents that have to buy extra clothes that their kids only wear to school (Pakhare 1). It has been proven that there is little evidence to suggest a cause and effect relationship between the violence in school and the clothes that students wear (Cruz 45). Also, each and every student who is forced to wear a school uniform gets their right of freedom of expression taken away, which is consequently unconstitutional (â€Å"Current Events† 3). In conclusion to being against school uniforms being mandatory, they should be outlawed to all public schools since it has been proven that they are a tremendously horrible idea. How to cite Against School Uniforms, Essay examples

Energy and Climate Industrialization and Society

Question: Discuss about the Energy and Climate for Industrialization and Society? Answer: Introduction Environment is changing rapidly over time, which is continuously affecting every field including industrialization and society in overall. Arguably, the oil and gas industries are the main reasons to this change that needs mitigation to protect the environment. Due to carbon intensity, climate changes consistently, which nowadays has become a vital concern to global economy. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international entity established in the year 1992 that came under force in 1994 to reduce the impact of climate change in the industrial sector. UNFCCC has aimed to stabilize the rate of greenhouse gas to develop the atmosphere. The framework has around 196 parties and it had a positive feedback regarding legitimacy due to the universal membership (UNFCCC, 1992). Additionally, it does not implement any limits to greenhouse emission for the countries; rather it focuses on negotiating the restrictions on greenhouse emission (UNFCCC, n.d.). Con textually, the essay has focused on the impact of the decisions implemented in the conference of Paris, France in 2015, December. To evaluate these influences, first the challenges that global oil and gas industries have faced need mentioning, along with the certain factors affecting in long-term process. Framework of Energy Policies Presently, every country in the world has concentrated on protecting the environment from human interferences and other factors to increase the global economy. UNFCCC has therefore concentrated on negotiating the agreements of countries to reduce bindings on limits of greenhouse emission. Arguably, the oil and gas industries have realized that climate change is continuously affecting its business, and if not prevented then it will face huge barrier to sustainable development. UNFCCC, COP 21 was held in the year 2015 in Paris, where there has been a global negotiating agreement to prevent climate change. To create legal enforcement of the agreement, minimum 55 countries need to contribute in 55% of emission. Additionally, these nations need to sign in the agreement to consider it as legal and further include in the legal system of such nations as well. The objective of the agreement is to reduce global warming by maximum 2C comparing to the previous level. Arguably, the agreement furt her aims that the human greenhouse emission will reach up to zero net by the end of the 21st century. Based on the numerous studies, different scientists estimated that around 1.5C will be required for zero net release between the years of 2030 to 2050 (IISD, 2015). Prior to UNFCCC COP21, around 146 parties have submitted a draft named Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), where it has been mentioned that the above-mentioned suggestion will help to reduce global warming by 2100 to 2.7C. Specially mentioning, European Union (EU) has suggested reducing 40% greenhouse gas emission in INDC commitment by 2030 comparing to the previous emission rate. The overall objective of this agreement has been to implement a global agreement in the history of UN negotiation since its establishment (IISD, 2015; The Guardian, 2015; UNFCCC, 2015). On the other hand, UNFCCC has further focused on several other policies to reduce global warming. Furthermore, UK has strictly considered the emission reduction and targeted to reduce it by around 40% within 2030. EU along with other parties has also implemented several policies to reduce greenhouse-gas, as it has become a global issue in current scenario. The framework has further conducted wide range of research to reveal the probable ways through which the nation are successfully practicing climate actions such as solid waste management, energy, urban planning, adoption in finance and transport. More than 200 countries has involved in the agreement to contribute in emitting greenhouse gas however, there are further countries who still oppose the agreement. The president of the United State has stated that those countries are continuously reducing future opportunities will affect their economic growth as well (Ramirez, 2015). The UNFCCC has introduced C40, which is consistently foc using on providing better medium to climate action, for instance C40 clean bus declaration is a project, which 26 cities adopted and more than 175,000 buses will be manufactured by the year 2040. In the annual report of CDP, it has been apparent that in the year 2015, approximately 92% of the cities throughout the world have revealed information regarding climate action so that the other cities can follow the successful actions thus the factors that proved to be ineffective can further be tracked (1Statista, 2016; C40 Cities, n.d.). Figure 1: Largest Producers of CO2 Emissions Worldwide in 2015 Source: (1Statista, 2016) Traditionally, Global warming is a natural-cycle of variation in temperature. However, in the recent decades, the increase of temperature associates with the rapid increase in CO2 rates in the atmosphere. This increase is the outcome of global industrialization, therefore UNFCCC not only attempted to implement the agreement, it further concentrated on providing guidance to the nations to reduce the increasing rate of CO2 and further protect the environment. Although several nations has contributed largely in the reduction of greenhouse gas emission to develop sustainable environment and stabilize the temperature of atmosphere however, China and the United State are the top most country that have reduced up to 28.03% and 15.9% respectively (Figure 1). In this perspective, the below-mentioned chart (Figure 2) can be highlighted, where the reduction of global greenhouse gas emission has increased visibly from 1990 and it has further planned to emit up to 20.6 billion metric tons from bu rning coal by the year 2040 (3Statista, 2016). Figure 2: Global CO2 Emissions from 1990 to 2040 Source: (3Statista, 2016) Current Scenario of Oil and Gas Industries The main reason behind climate change is the consistent increase of industrial sectors and fossil-fuel combustion over time. The oil and gas industries are in centre of such challenges, which simultaneously affecting the global economy. Several sectors have adopted to use less carbon-produced products to increase greenhouse emission, which has considerably affected the oil and gas industries. The United State has successfully adopted several policies to develop the atmosphere, which is visible in the above chart. Additionally, the nation has accepted renewable energy consumption to contribute more in the global Greenhouse gas emission rate. It has further accepted several innovative facilities in the operation of oil and gas industries such as petrochemical facilities and refinery operations among others. The U.S. is among the top most country in reducing greenhouse from it industries in worldwide (Figure 1). Furthermore, the country has declared greenhouse emission as essential and every company are significantly concentrating on this concern. The intergovernmental panel has target to reduce the greenhouse gas emission by 50% annually globally from the previous level to control the climate change in an acceptable rate (Kete Petkova, 2001). To achieve the target, the greenhouse gas emission based on the utilization of fossil fuel needs to be drastically reduced by the year of 2020. Furthermore, climate change rapidly causes shortage of water, drought, poor quality water, and changes in rainfall certainly increase the demand of water in the future in global context. The president of the United State has stated in this context, that after 6 years of practicing the UNFCCC has become successful in gathering all countries and every nation now is targeting the similar concern (Ramirez, 2015). Hence, due to the oil and gas industries, environmental resources are continuously reducing. Therefore, the agreement includes certain limitation to the industries regarding pr oduction and operation based on which the country has aimed to develop atmosphere and simultaneously continue industrialization to maintain economic growth. On the other hand, most of the plants and operational equipments are manufactured based on the previous condition which in current situation affecting more to the environment. Currently, there are several innovative technologies and equipments, which is comparatively less affective for the environment. Through this practice, companies can easily balance with the requirement of current environment as well as company growth. Significantly, the need of these activities in such conditions in US has successfully realized by companies and implemented accordingly (Kete Petkova, 2001). Arguably, the investors and other stakeholders are continuously increasing the importance to oil and gas industries due to the climate change policies that simultaneously increase the risk of profitability and revenue. Thus, oil and gas industries are continuously failing to meet with the demand. Moreover, in case the companies fail to maintain the policies relating to greenhouse gas emission, it further hampers its reputation and the respective company might licence to operate. The companies in the beginning have utilized the resources haphazardly, which now affecting it as well as society and become a barrier for further development. Therefore, many companies have successfully concentrated on innovation so that it can provide such products that will prove helpful to environment as well as business prospective (Nastu, 2009). Impact of the Decision in the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris, 2015 The decision made in the COP21 of UNFCCC in Paris agreement was to negotiate the emission of greenhouse gas without any limitation. Based on this decision, the environment could easily be protected and global warming can be reduced as well. According to this agreement, UNFCCC commitment include where every country will target to reduce a particular percentage of emission by 2020. Hence, renewable energy consumption is one of the most important factors that the United State has accepted as a prior action. Based on the above-mentioned chart (Figure 2), the U.S. is in the top position in consuming highest rate of renewable energy. In this prospect, the oil and gas industries are facing huge downturn in economic growth due to the less consumption of less carbon-produced products. Additionally, the agreement has included that the industries have to utilize innovative equipment in production process therefore, the cost factor will increase which simultaneously reduce the profitability. On the other hand, as US has implemented the policies more effectively, then company goodwill will also increase, which create competitive advantages in global market. However, on a critical note, few oil and gas companies are neglecting the agreement and indicating that they are not facing any issues regarding resources currently. Thus, this evolves as the major concern that contributes in global greenhouse-gas emission, indicating the failure of the UNFCCC decision to some extent (The Guardian, 2016). Figure 3: Share of Renewable Energy Consumption Source: (2Statista, 2016) Furthermore, the U.S. government has declared that by 2040, the U.S. Energy Information Administration will reduce CO2 emission by 46% and to implement such objective, U.S. has adapted renewable energy consumption (UNFCCC, 2015). In the above chart, it has further been mentioned that the country is consuming highest rate of renewable energy, based on which the countries significantly provide huge contribution in global greenhouse gas emission. US have successfully adapted the renewable energy consumption by implementing several policies in transport, finance, and urban planning (2Statista, 2016). Therefore, the Paris agreement will affect the oil and gas industries in both manners positively as well as negatively. The agreement will force to change the business model of the respective companies, which will not be preferable for the industry. Hence, changes in business model and continuously concentrating on reduction of greenhouse emission will reduce the business process (Hardcastle , 2016). Simultaneously, investors will not be interested to invest on the industries due to high risk factor. Currently, the World Bank has taken an initiative of Zero Routine Flaring by 2030 to group oil industries, government and those companies who are focusing on reducing the routine flaring after the year of 2030. Additionally, the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) has further taken initiatives to reduce the methane emissions from the oil and gas industries. Moreover, it will focus to implement legislation to limit the release (Hardcastle, 2015). Furthermore, the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) is a group of 10 biggest oil companies, which has aimed to contribute in the sustainable policy. Hence, the oil and gas industries have successfully adopted the decision and focused to increase further operations by increasing the rate of reduction of CO2 emission (United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, 2015). Maximum investors are concerned about the reputation of the compa nies based on the operations such as upstream and downstream visible in the below chart (Figure 4). The market value of the oil and gas companies differs based on the operations of value chain (IIGCC, n.d.) Figure 4: Value through Oil Gas Industry Value Chain Source: (IIGCC, n.d.) Conclusion Based on the above discussion, it can be affirmed that the decision implemented by UNFCCC in COP21 has been proven effective for the oil and gas industries in the US. Due to the climate change and global warming, every industries are facing huge challenges regarding continuing the business with profitability. However, the oil and gas industry has faced more challenge to reserve its resources, as it purely focused on the environmental resources. Although the country have significantly concentrated on reduction of greenhouse-gas emission, still the environment is not considered as safe due to the previous actions. The intergovernmental panel has therefore targeted to reduce high rate of greenhouse-gas emission across the world. Simultaneously, the countries further contribute significantly to the reduction based on which it can be expected that within a decade the temperature will be in control based on which the policy makers successfully continue business with the help of innovation and technology. References C40 Cities, No Date. Green urban. viewed 16March 2015, https://newsroom.unfccc.int/green-urban/ Department of Energy and Climate, 2013. A 2030 framework for climate and energy policies. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/210659/130703_response_for_publication.pdf Hardcastle, J. L., 2015. EPA Cracks Down on Fracking Methane Emissions. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.environmentalleader.com/2015/08/19/epa-cracks-down-on-fracking-methane-emissions/ Hardcastle, J. L., 2016. EPA Escalates Oil Gas Methane Emissions Crackdown. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.environmentalleader.com/2016/03/10/epa-escalates-oil-gas-methane-emissions-crackdown/ IISD, 2015. UNFCCC COP 21 adopts Paris Agreement. viewed 16 March 2016, https://climate-l.iisd.org/news/unfccc-cop-21-adopts-paris-agreement/ Kete, N. Petkova, E., 2001. Assessing good practices in policies and measures to mitigate climate change in central and Eastern Europe. Workshop on Good Practices in Policies and Measures, pp. 1-6. Nastu, P., 2009. Climate Change Poses Threat to Oil, Gas Industry. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/11/03/climate-change-poses-threat-to-oil-gas-industry/ Olivier, J. G. J., 2015. Trends in global CO2 emissions: 2015 Report. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, pp. 1-77. Ramirez, L., 2015. Nations unanimously adopt paris climate agreement. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.voanews.com/content/final-draft-of-landmark-climate-change-deal-released- vote-expected/3100115.html 3Statista, 2016. Energy-related global CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2040, by fuel (in billion metric tons). viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.statista.com/statistics/242204/energy-related-global-co2-emissions-by-fuel/ 2Statista, 2016. Countries with the highest share of renewable energy consumption in 2014. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.statista.com/statistics/274147/countries-with-the-highest-share-of-renewable-energy-consumption/ 1Statista, 2016. The largest producers of CO2 emissions worldwide in 2015, based on their share of global CO2 emissions. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.statista.com/statistics/271748/the-largest-emitters-of-co2-in-the-world/ The Guardian, 2015. My oil firm wants results from COP 21. But not the kind you might expect. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/nov/27/cop-21-paris-climate-talks-low-carbon-oil-statoil The Guardian, 2016. Environmental and economic impact of British energy policy. viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/mar/15/environmental-and-economic-impact-of-british-energy-policy UNFCCC, 1992. United Nations framework convention on climate change. United Nations, pp. 1-33. UNFCCC, No Date. UN climate change newsroom. viewed 16 March 2016, https://newsroom.unfccc.int/about/ United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, 2015. Priority thematic areas. Climate Action Now: Summary for Policymakers, pp. 1-66.

Kent State University Incident Essays - Portage County, Ohio, Ohio

Kent State University Incident The End of the Innocence After a long period of fighting a defensive war in Vietnam, on April 29, 1970, President Richard Nixon launched a full scale attack in Cambodia, which greatly accelerated America?s involvment in this conflict. The reaction from the American college student population was one that led into great controversy and heated debates. When Nixon announced his decision on the following day, many people were upset, and thousands of people protested. The end result of one particular protest was bloody, and a perfect example of what terrible shape our country was in during that period of time (Guard Fired in Self Defense). Thoughtless mistakes such as the ones made on that day will often have a snowball affect that lead into problems for all persons envolved. On May 3, 1970 students of Kent State University rallied to protest Nixon?s announcement. There was violent protesting all through the night. Windows were broken, cars were destroyed, and the ROTC building was burned to the ground. When the firemen arrived, their hoses were taken by students and used aganist them. At that point Governor James Rhodes called for the National Guard to come in and protect the campus(Four Deaths at Noon). The following day Kent State University was under the protection? of the Ohio National Guard. Around noon on that day, students fromed in protest. They were told to disperse, but refused. The first action of the National Guard was to release tear-gas grenades upon the masses of students (Guard Fired in Self Defense). These grenades were marginally successful, and only caused a temporary retreat. The students then responded by throwing concrerte, rocks, and everything else they could find. This was the first of a group of poor decisions that led to the bloody disaster of May 4, 1972 and all of the other problems associated with the disaster (Kent State Continued). From a distance of about sixty feet from the crowd of students, a member of the National Guard believed that he heard sniper fire. In response to these alleged shots, he opened fire on the students with his M1 .30-06 caliber rifle. He was immediately backed up by several of the men in his squad, all of whome were shooting the same rifle except for one man who shot a military issue Colt .45. When the smoke had cleared, ther had been about thirty-five shots fired, and four of the students were dead. It is unknown exactly how many others weere injured, but sources report from eleven to fourteen students and onlookers. These lives were shed due to judgment. It is nothing more than that. However, had this incident been handled in a better manner, there would have been much less of a shock wave of emotions sweeping through the country. (Olson) The following day Governor Rhodes was accused by the campus senate of bringing the troops in for political reasons, and the entire nation was outraged about what had happened. There were countless protests held against the war and this incident. Also, memorial ceremonies were held all over the country. Nixon released a couple of statements that showed no sorrow for the victims, but rather implied that that they got what was coming to them. His basic argument was that violence would only end in tragedy, and that people should demonstrate their feelings peacefully if they felt it necessary to demonstrate them at all. After a lengthy investigation, there there were several inditements handed out, but they were not given to the shooters. The people charged with crimes were the protesters. Eventually there was a hearing for the shooters, but they were found not guilty. They argued that they had been afraid for their lives and were left with no option. Again the nation was outraged. At this point a massive student strike was launched. At schools all over the country students made violent protests against the government, but there was nothing that could be done (Olson). Nixon had been warned in a letter signed by thirty-seven university and college presidents of the potential danger of students when he launched his attacks, but he was seeing the results now on full scale. He used

The Original Style of Agatha Christie †Literature Essay

The Original Style of Agatha Christie – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers The Original Style of Agatha Christie Literature Essay Agatha Christie as an English writer develops Miss Marple, one of her famous mystery, short stories characters in a very detailed and distinctive style. Throughout the world, Christie is recognized as the best-known mystery writer. She was once influenced by Edgar Allen Poe, Anna Katherine Green, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and G.K. Chesterton, but today, she influence mystery writing. Her style is original and she has defined mystery novels. Growing up she knew writing was the path for her and she continued writing throughout her entire life. During Agatha Christie’s lifetime, she published 83 books including novels, romances written under the pseudonym of Mary Westmacott, short stories, poetry and the scripts for her plays. Christie was born Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller in Torquay, in the county of Devon. Her father was a man named Fredrick Alvah Miller who unfortunately passed away when she was just a young child. Her mother, Clarissa Miller, encouraged her to write from an early age. Christie was educated at home until age 16 when she was sent to school in Paris where she studied singing and piano. She was shy and had severe stage fright which prevented her from choosing a career in music. Today, Christie is known throughout the world as the queen of crime writing. Agatha Christie published her first detective book in 1920; The Mysterious Affair at Styles. It was in this book that she created her much loved, Belgian detective character, Hercule Poirot. In addition to Miss Marple, Hercule Poirot is also well known as an Agatha Christie character. Later in life, she bought a house and named it â€Å"Styles† after her first novel. Christie’s first major recognition came with The Murder of Roger Ackroyd in 1926 which was followed by some 75 novels that usually made best-seller lists. The Murder of Roger Ackroyd was the first book to be published by Collins and marked the beginning of an author-publisher relationship which lasted for over fifty years. Short stories have always been a favorite to write for Christie. The Witness for the Prosecution was written for Munsey Magazine in 1924 and is often known as her best short story. Her best short stories concern poisoning, her favorite murder weapon. On average in her mystery stories, eig ht out of eleven contain poisonings. In 1914, Agatha married Colonel Archibald Christie. While her husband was at war, she worked as a nurse in a local hospital where she learned about the poisons that later featured in so many of her crime novels. The two had a child five years later and sadly divorced after. Agatha later went on to marry a well- known archeologist by the name of Sir Max Mallowan. Agatha remained happily married to Max and was often quoted saying, â€Å"An archaeologist is the best husband any women can have. The older she gets, the more interested he is in her.† During Agatha Christie’s lifetime, she sold an estimated 300 million books. One of the most popular writers of all time in any language; her books have been translated into more than 100 languages. She is the second most translated English author (the first is Shakespeare), and has been outsold only by the Bible and Shakespeare. In 1955, Christie was he first recipient of the Mystery Writers of America’s highest honor, the Grand Master Award, and in the same year, Witness for the Prosecution was given an Edgar Award by the MWA for best play. The hugely successful play Mousetrap- first written as a radio sketch called Three Blind Mice for the 80th birthday of Queen Mary is said to have made more then three million pounds. The play has become the longest running play in theatrical history and has never been published in England because of its popularity as a play. In 1967, Christie became president of the British Detection Club, and in 1971 she was made Dame of the Britis h Empire. Agatha Christie’s famous character, Miss Jane Marple is an English favorite. Christie does an amazing job with the development of Miss Marple throughout the twenty short stories and twelve novels focused around this typical English character. Her first appearance was in Murder at the Vicarage in 1930 and the last was Sleeping Murder in 1977, forty-seven years later. â€Å"Murder at the Vicarage was published in 1930, but I cannot remember where, when or how I wrote it, why I came to write it, or even what suggested to me that I should select a new character- Miss Marple- to act as the sleuth in the story. Certainly at the time I had no intention of continuing her for the rest of my life. I did not know that she was to become a rival of Hercule Poirot.† When we first meet Miss Jane Marple, she is the stereotypical spinster of the 19th century. The name Miss Marple derives from when Agatha Christie was delayed on the Manchester to Sheffield Hope Valley line at the station of Marple in Marple, Stockport, England. Miss Marple was inspired by Dr. Sheppard’s shrewd sister in The Murder of Roger Ackroyd and certain friends of her grandmother, as well as her grandmother. When Agatha Christie created Miss Marple she did not expect to continue writing about her for the rest of her life. Miss Marples first appearance hooked readers around the world. Miss Marple is able to solve difficult crimes; no crime can arise without reminding her of some parallel incident in the history of her time. She is able to rely on her common sense and village experience to solve crimes. The crime is almost always murder. There is never any attempt to understand the criminal: the murder has to be caught and punished. Miss Marple expects the worst of people, and in this view point she is often right. Human nature, in her observation, is the same everywhere. She does not look like your average detective either. Miss Marple was already an old lady in the first book, around age 65 which proved most unfortunate because she was going to have to last a long time in Christie’s life. She is tall and thin, with a pink, wrinkled face; she has pale blue eyes and snowy white hair which she wears piled upon her head in an old fashioned manor. Miss Marple was often explaining, â€Å"The young people think the old people are fools, but the old people know t hat young people are fools.† Miss Marple is not a likely detective but she always succeeds where the police have failed. A Murder is Announced Agatha Christie’s 50th novel, is regarded by most as the Best Miss Marple novel. Even though she is often seen with her knitting needles, when it comes to solving mysteries, she turns out to have a sharp logical mind. She usually makes an analogy with some village occurrence or character when explaining her reasoning. Overall, Miss Marple has a curiosity as wide as the world. She is a gleeful gossip and not especially nice. Over the years she has modernized and became nicer. Thirteen of the twenty short stories about Miss Marple can be found in The Thirteen Problems (Also known as The Tuesday Club Murders, as it was published in the United States.) In addition to Miss Marple, Hercule Poirot is also well known as an Agatha Christie character. Poirot used logical and rational methods where as Miss Marple relied on her feminine sens itivity and empathy to solve crimes. Marple draws parallels between the everyday mysteries that puzzle her neighbors, and cases of national importance. In her diary, Christie explained that she had always found Poirot insufferable. She had a great fondness for Miss Marple on the other hand. When Agatha Christie passed away on January 12, 1976 in Wallingford, Oxforshire, she was believed to have left one last novel. The novel featured her famous character, Miss Jane Marple and was published 36 years after she wrote it. It was Miss Marples last case. Agatha Christie’s autobiography was also published after her death. In 56 years, Christie wrote 66 detective novels. In the Miss Marple short stories, The Thirteen Stories was a collection of Agatha Christie’s mysteries. In the story, The Tuesday Night Club, you meet six characters; Raymond West, Miss Marple Joyce Lemprie’re, Sir Henry Clithering, Dr. Pender, and Mr. Pethrick. Christie briefly describes each character through Raymond’s perspective. In the story, the group starts a conversation centered around â€Å"unsolved mysteries.† The discussion intrigues all six people, and they decide to form a club named â€Å"The Tuesday Night Club.† The club is to meet every week, and each member in turn has to propound a problem. Some mystery of which they have personal knowledge, and to which, of course they know the answer. The rest of the members play a game of guessing as to what the solution to the unsolved mystery is. The first mystery comes from Sir Henry and is about who put arsenical poisoning in Mr. Joneses wives food. In the end, all members make a guess and only the clever Miss Marple solves the mystery. This surprises the other members and Miss Marple simply explains to them that, they don’t as much of life as she does, due to the fact that she is older, and has lived much longer. When reading this short story, Christie does not include many images other than those related to her famous character, Miss Marple. The story is depicted threw the eye’s of her nephew Raymond and told by Sir Henry, so there is some image development of them as well. The theme of the story is that Miss Marple is able to rely on her common sense and village experience to help her solve the mystery. Agatha Christie’s famous character Miss Marple is more at home in full length novels, but according to Edward D. Hoch, there are some high spots among her shorter cases as well. Although I have not read Agatha Christie’s longer stories, I feel that there is room for further development of Miss Marple as a character in a longer story. The next story comes from Dr. Pender, The Idol House of Astarte. He tells a story from his past that resulted in the death of Richard Haydon in a most mysterious way. Richard was murdered right in front of all other members in Dr. Pender’s story, yet no one could explain how it was that he had been stabbed. Many of the characters believed that he was killed by an evil presence that was felt in the area. When the story is finished, the group takes turns guessing as to how Richard Haydon was murdered. Once again, the clever Miss Marple uses he deductive reasoning, and is able to correctly guess the murder, his cousin Elliot Haydon. The Idol House of Astarte includes more images then the previous story, The Tuesday Night Club. The images are provided in the attempt to lead the reader to the murder of Richard. If you read into the story the image descriptions lead to the murderer. The theme of this story is clearly to show just how clever Miss Marple truly is. Miss Marple doe s it again and solves the mystery with no problem at all; in fact she is able to clearly explain what happened and how she was able to come to her conclusion. Many believe that Agatha Christies best stories are those concerning poisoning as a murder weapon. Agatha Christie as well enjoys poison as her murder weapon in stories. Even though poisoning is a very entertaining, who done it, type of murder weapon, I found it very intriguing that she would use something such as getting stabbed in such a mysterious way. In the story, Ingots of Gold, Raymond West, tells a story, but there is a twist- he doesn’t know the solution. The story involves missing gold and the disappearance of Raymond’s friend, John Newman. As the story pans out, Raymond and the others find John tied up in a hole in his own back yard. John explains that he does not remember much, but he had noticed some men unloading something from a small boat and strolled down to se e what was going on. All he could tell was that something was heavy. Before he could observe anymore, two men rendered him unconscious. When he came to, he was arriving at his house and then being thrown into the ditch. John attempted to place the blame on a man named Kevin but there was no solid evidence. In the end, Raymond knew neither who had taken the missing gold nor who had assaulted his friend John. When he asked everyone in The Tuesday Night Club their views on the situation, both Miss Marple and Sir Henry both had solved the mystery. Joh n himself had stolen the gold and faked his own injuries. Miss Marple also concludes that the so called gardener was John’s partner in crime. Raymond was once again stunned by her wits; he had never suspected his friend John. Ingots of Gold had more images then the previous short stories I have read by Agatha Christie. This particular story does not include murder but rather theft and kidnapping and because of this, is much more descriptive. The placement of characters and the setting plays a key role in the deciphering of the story. The theme of this story is to trust no one, but your own instincts. Raymond West was unable to solve this mystery because he didn’t clearly look at the facts which could have easily led him to in the least, suspect John. Miss Marple ever so clever took what she knew and applied it to this â€Å"unsolved† mystery. Miss Marple and Sir Henry clearly viewed John as a possible suspect from the beginning as detectives would do. It is o ften said that Agatha Christie shows her reader the necessary clues, but she often presents the clues so cunningly that the reader does not see the significance until the crime is solved. Many believe that Agatha Christies best stories are those concerning poisoning as a murder weapon. Agatha Christie as well enjoys poison as her murder weapon in stories. Agatha Christie is an amazing author and will always be known for her great literary accomplishments. The character development portrayed through Miss Marple is astonishing and has not been outdone since the books were published. Agatha’s works have sold more then any others aside from Shakespeare and the Bible. She has strongly influenced the development of the detective story. Research Papers on The Original Style of Agatha Christie - Literature EssayThe Fifth HorsemanEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHip-Hop is ArtHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTwilight of the UAWStandardized TestingBringing Democracy to Africa

The role of nuclear medicine and other imaging modalities in Article - 1

The role of nuclear medicine and other imaging modalities in hyperthyrodism - Article Example In clinical practice different hyperthyroid conditions such as Graves’ disease, hyperthyroid goiter, and other conditions such as toxic multinodular or nodular goitre need assessment of activity of the gland. In this review, contemporary literature has been reviewed to update current knowledge on this topic. This assignment reveals that radionuclide imaging is an important diagnostic modality in the workup of hyperthyroid disorders, but despite that, in some cases the diagnostic yield is better with ultrasonography or PET scanning. In some cases, combined use of these imaging investigations pinpoints the diagnosis in a more suitable manner. Review of these articles and the knowledge apparent may be used to frame a guideline of advice regarding imaging practice in this area. The thyroid gland produces two hormones, namely, thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These are known to play important physiological roles in the human body. Anatomically, the thyroid gland is located in the neck, in front of the trachea. It comprises of two lobes, right and left, connected by a narrow bridge of thyroid tissue, known as isthmus. It is a very highly vascular organ. The normal adult thyroid gland consists of follicles lined by thyroid follicular cells that contain large amount of thyroglobulin. This serves as the protein precursor of the thyroid hormones (Broome, 2006). Endocrinologically, increased need for thyroid hormone leads to a signal pathway mediated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) leading to release of active hormone from a bound state with thyroglobulin to a free state, eventually being secreted into the blood stream. When there is hypersecretion of thyroid hormones due to any cause, the condition is known as hyperthyroidism. Usually hyperthyroidis m is indicated by an elevated level of TSH. Therefore, in clinical practice the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is made by finding an abnormally elevated TSH level which

Swot Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Swot - Case Study Example This essay would further analyze these four aspects regarding NBB. The strengths of NBB would first be discussed. The major strength of the company can be said to be the corporate social responsibility that the company possesses. It has always believed in providing its customers the best possible product along with the best social environment that the company can provide. The corporate social responsibility of the firm helps it to form a proper infrastructure for its employees who are given particular prizes for their job in NBB. These can be in the form of grants or other monetary values. It also keeps a special check on the recycling and reuse of products that it is manufacturing. This also adds to the corporate social responsibility of the firm. Moreover they also utilize the energy in the best possible ways because of which the release of harmful gases in the environment is quite less. All these factors together help to gain a better brand image amongst the customers. Moreover with the maintenance of corporate social responsibility the sales of the company are also maintained. Also the company has a variety of beers which are produced which help in gaining product diversity. The weaknesses of the company include the way it markets its products. Here the company does not use the proper traditional way of marketing their beer and this can cause them to lose customers. The company does not have a broad market where it produces its products as it is only limited to certain states of America. The company produces specific beers at specific times too because of which they can be at loss too as it is possible that some of the customers only like NBB because of these specific products. The opportunities that the company has can be clearly seen in the growing market of beer. Beer consumption amongst the adolescents is also increasing per day. This means that if the company expands it would be able to grab a greater

Managing Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Managing Innovation and Change - Essay Example According to the article â€Å"Employee Environmental innovation in the firms: organizational and Managerial† propagates ethical competence where collective organizational efforts are required to instill values of different employees. Formidable decisions and their outcomes are positive and reflect in the organizational behavior that ignites and maintains the firm’s standards for creativity and quality innovations. Businesspersons require being visionary people who are both original and goal oriented. According to â€Å"Managing Innovation and Change† by David Mayle, Encapsulates Competency in communication where capabilities to incorporate viable methodologies in transmitting new ideological proposals are upheld to the uttermost. This relies heavily on individual communication skills, pinpointing relevant information and ideas and the ability to give direct examples of behavioral causes and their effects. Therefore, modern technology revolutionizes communication and the management of the business. According to â€Å"Organizational Behavior† by Don Hellriegel and John W. Slocum, Expounds on competency in diversity whereby a firm should recognize the importance of its employees as well as identifying organizational strengths and weak points.There should be unity among firm employees regardless of their backgrounds and traits. Strategic positioning of employees in different geographical areas is also important in order to develop quality ideas and products. Based on the â€Å"Organizational Innovation: studies of program change in community Agencies† emphasis is put on the usefulness of excellent and reliable communication channels and skills among employees working in a firm’s production line. Efficiency and effectiveness of the firm are dependent on formidable communication skills. â€Å"Organizational Behavior: from Theory to Practice† defines organizational behavior as the studying of people, processes, and pra ctices that affect individual and organizational operations. Trait differences should not compromise employees’ unity working in the firm. According to the article â€Å"Organizational Behavior: Integrating Individuals, Groups, and Organization† embracing information technology connects a firm to its suppliers, employees, clients, and the world in general. Advertising of products is objective plus the organizational and employees’ interests are all catered for excellently.

Leadership: Impact On A Healthcare Organization

Leadership: Impact On A Healthcare Organization The field of health-care is labor intensive and based on powerful know-how (Kanste, 2008). In contemporary medicine both therapeutic as well as nursing tasks are performed by a team, rather than an individual, being it a doctor or a nurse, respectively. No team work can be effective without a leader; this is also true for good nursing in which the leadership is very crucial and vital. All the results of good nursing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦may be spoiled or utterly negative by one defect, viz: in petty management (Florence Nightingale as cited in McEachen Keogh, 2007, pg.01). The health care environment becomes more competitive every day. There are few professions in which the complications of poor performance are as serious as in nursing and there are few professionals who feel the pressure of responsibility more keenly than nurses (Kenmore, 2008). This paper presents discourses on the contemporary leadership styles and highlights the characteristics and development of an effective leader a nd discusses the impact of effective leader on organisations potential to succeed. Leadership styles The continued search for good leaders resulted in the development of many leadership theories. Although leadership is not a new concept, and its fundamental function is well documented, there is no theoretical agreement or a universal definition of leadership (Farag, Mc Guinness Anthony, 2009; Mahoney, 2004 and Murphy, 2005). However, some scholars believe that certain leadership characteristics or personality traits are innate in effective leaders (Murphy, 2005). Thus the perspectives of Great man or trait theories which dominated until 1950s, states that leader are born and not made (Murphy, 2005). In the 1950s, behavioural and social scientists began to analyse leadership behaviour. The behavioural theory says that leaders are not born to lead, but learn leadership behaviour (McEachen Keogh, 2007). The efforts of these researchers were fundamental in isolation of three common leadership styles: autocratic, democratic and lassiez-faire (Murphy, 2005). The Contingency theory by Fi edler was further expanded by Herset, Blanchard and Johnson as the Situational theory (Murphy, 2005). Later, some contemporary leadership theories such as the charismatic, transactional, transformational and shared leadership theory gave rise to the contemporary leadership styles (Murphy, 2005). The contemporary leadership styles include quantum, charismatic, transactional, transformational, relational, shared and servant leadership (Murphy, 2005).Though there are many leadership styles identified in the literature, laissez-faire, transactional and transformational leadership styles are the primary leadership styles identified in the nursing and management studies (Farag et al., 2009). Laissez-faire leadership indicates the absence of leadership (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). This leadership style is ineffective in promoting purposeful interaction and it contributes to organizational demise (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). Transactional leaders view the leader-follower relationship as a process of exchange (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). On the other hand, transformational leadership is a process that motivates followers by appealing to higher ideals and moral values (Trofino, 2005). The transactional leader sets goals, gives directions and tends to gain compliance by offering rewards for performance (McEachen Keogh, 2007). Whereas, by inspiring a shared vision through clear roles, effective teamwork and providing feedback on individual or team performance transformational leaders enables the staff to explore their professional practice (Halm, 2010). The three elements of transactional leadership are: contingent reward, where the leader provides reward that is dependent on the performance; passive management by exception, where the leader takes corrective action when problems arise and active management by exception, where the leader takes corrective action in anticipation of problem (Chen, Beck Amos, 200 5; McGuire Kennerly, 2006; Rukmani, Ramesh Jayakrishnan, 2010). Similarly, the four elements of transformational leadership are idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration (McGuire Kennerly, 2006; Halm, 2010). The expected outcome of transactional leadership is enhanced role clarity, job satisfaction and improved performance (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). On the contrary, the ultimate outcome of transformational leadership is to change the mental model of employees, to link desired outcome to values held by employees and to build strong employee identification within the group or organization (McGuire Kennerly, 2006; Halm, 2010). There are also some pitfalls and limitations of transactional leadership. Transactional leadership might not yield the same results across culture; such as, most North American culture which emphasize individualism, whereas many Asian culture emphasize collectivism (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). Hence, transactional leaders need to understand at which level to establish their reward system- individual or collective reward (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). Transactional leaders cannot provide leadership over task areas in which they have no expert knowledge (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). Likewise, there are some limitations to transformational leadership. Transformational leaders need to be updated in their knowledge and skills (McGuire Kennerly, 2006; Halm, 2010). There is a growing demand for evidence-based decision making, where, to show leadership, a transformational leader need to cite hard and factual evidence, as transformational leaders have nothing worth saying without strong evidence. Fin ally, the transformational leaders will be needed to inspire flexible, multi skilled work forces to bridge the barriers established by rigid job description and functional departments (Trofinio, 2004). Transformational leadership is not an alternative to transactional leadership, but it augments transactional leadership (Spinelli, 2006). Therefore, an effective leader achieves a balance between transformational and transactional behavior, thus creating a leadership style which matches the needs of followers (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). The current shortage of nurses at the bedside magnifies the importance of having a strong, clear, and supportive and inspiration leadership across health care organization (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). Characteristics and development of effective leader While there is disparity amongst the theorist definitions of leadership, there is consensus pertaining to qualities necessary to realize effective leader (Murphy, 2005). There are various traits of an effective leader mentioned throughout the literature. Having a vision is a key feature of effective leadership and it is the clarity of vision evolved by the leader about the future of the organization that distinguish them as effective (Joyce, 2009). An effective leader has a vision for the future, which helps him to set objectives, aims, goals and standards and to achieve the set goals; the leader has a plan to implement (Fletner, Mitchell, Norris Wolfe, 2008). Tomey (2009) mentions some of the essential leadership traits which also empower people. These include accessible, collaborative, communicative, flexible, good listener, honest, influential, knowledgeable, positive, supportive and visible (Tomey, 2009). An effective leader should also posses job knowledge, positive attitude, d elegation skills, positive partnership and should be a role model, dependable, motivating, and compassionate (Fletner et al., 2008; Cook Leathard, 2004). An effective leader must recognize the individual strength and weakness of each person involved, shifting focus as necessary in an effort to elevate each persons level of effectiveness as an individual and as a part of a team (Fletner et al., 2008). As Joyce, 2008, rightly quotes that effective leaders walk the talk. Consequently, there is consistency between their values, vision, standards and behavior (Fletner et al., 2008; Joyce, 2008). A good leader should ideally possess all of the identified characteristics, or at least a majority of them (Fletner et al., 2008). Fletner et al. (2008) also reveal that any characteristics can be a leaders strength or weakness depending on the situational needs and persons involved in the given scenario. Neither there is just one characteristic that defines a leader, nor should, the entire identified characteristic be required when determining whether an individual would be an effective leader (Fletner et al., 2008). Likewise, to say one character istic is more important than the other is to fragment the idea of leadership (Fletner et al., 2008). A leader with insufficient leadership training might become exhausted in trying to achieve the organizational goals and thus, in turn, a leader might burnout and dissatisfaction among subordinates might increase (Chen, Beck Amos, 2005). One of the greatest challenges we face in nursing profession is to develop future nurse leaders (Jumaa, 2008; Kleinman, 2004; Mahoney, 2004; Murray DiCroce, 2003). Hence, training effective leaders has been proposed as a key to increase professionalism in nursing (Chen, Beck and Amos, 2005). Although it remains unclear, how to best prepare effective leaders, evidence suggest that graduate education may be an important precursor to the development of effective leadership style (Kleinman, 2004; Mahoney, 2004). Developing a relationship with specific academic provider of registered nurse to Bachelor of Science in nursing programs and graduate education in nursing administration may facilitate nurse managers returning for advanced education (Klienman, 2 004). Onsite and distance education programs may offset obstacles of scheduling and geography (Kleinman, 2004). The feasibility of mandating graduate education requirements for all practicing nurse managers is limited; therefore, continuing education strategies must focus on nurse manager leadership training (Kleinman, 2004; Mahoney, 2004; Wilson, 2005). An effective continuing educational program should consider providing monetary incentive and an organizational commitment that allows sufficient time to be spent on course work, in addition to management responsibilities (Kleinman, 2004). Conley, Branowicki and Hanley (2007), recommend a three component orientation for nursing leaders including nurse manger competencies, precepting by supervisor and written and classroom resources. Learning about the history of nursing, and especially about people who greatly influenced the development of nursing, has a fundamental meaning in fulfilling the vocation for nursing (Kosinska Niebroj, 2 004). In this context, the statement saying that history is a teacher of life seems to be true and of paramount importance for creating leaders (Kosinska Niebroj, 2004). The Leading Empowered Organizations(LEO) program, shared between United Kingdom and United State of America, is constructed around a model that identifies consensus decision making, interdependence, positive discipline, responsibility, authority and accountability as key areas of effective leading (Cook Leathard, 2004). Recognizing the need to invest in nurse managers to reduce turnover, the Pacific Northwest Nursing Leadership Institute was created in Washington State, in 2002, to support the development and preparation of nursing leaders (Wilson, 2005). Thus, there are various programs, education and institutions, to encourage the development of leadership skills among nurses; which highlights the impact that an effective leader can have on the organization. Impact of effective leadership on organization The inability of hospital to retain staff nurses threatens the adequacy of health care delivery and increases personnel and patient care costs (Kleinman, 2004). Many factors have led to rising health care costs, which have increased faster than the general inflation over the past three decades (Spinelli, 2006). Performance standards for effective leaders require them to be accountable for transactional processes such as budgets, productivity and quality monitoring; while at the same time displaying transformational characteristics by acting as a coach, mentor and a leader (Kleinman, 2004; Spinelli, 2006). A creative work climate has a strong relationship to job satisfaction and the nurse manager is an important link in creating such a climate (Sellgren, Ekvall, Tomson, 2006; DeCasterle, Willemse, Verschueren Milisen, 2008). Job satisfaction has been described as the most important predictor for nurses intention to remain employed (Sellgren et al., 2006; Carney, 2008). The perception of staff nurses towards the leadership behavior of their manager was significantly related to their job satisfaction (Sellgren et al., 2006; Klienman, 2004). Staff that perceives job satisfaction is essential for the ability to give high quality and safe care (Sellgren et al., 2006). Job dissatisfaction leads to absenteeism, problems of grievances, low morale and high turnover (Wong Cummings, 2007). On the contrary, poor leadership was found to be one of the main reasons for dissatisfaction and intention to leave (Neilsen, Yarker, Brenner, Randall and Borg, 2008 and Sellgren et al., 2006). Altered perfo rmance, affecting patient outcome, which in turn results in higher employment cost is also found to be associated with decreased job satisfaction (Wong Cummings, 2007). The findings of the study done by Wong and Cummings (2007) and Kenmore, (2008), suggest that there is a relationship between leadership and patient satisfaction, patient mortality and patient safety outcomes, adverse events and complications. Positive leadership behavior increased patient satisfaction, and decreased incidences of patient mortality, adverse events and complication (Wong Cummings, 2007). Effective nursing leadership is essential to the creation of practice environments with appropriate staffing level, that support nurses in preventing unnecessary death, adverse events and complications (Wong Cummings, 2007). A recent study done in mental health service organizations show that, both organizational culture and organizational climate impact work attitude and subsequently staff turnover (Wong Cummings, 2007). Effective leaders can also help in the recruitment process by recruiting staff as per the job description and thus help in the organizational development (Neilsen et al., 2008 and Sellgren et al., 2006). The study done by Wong and Cummings (2007), in Singapore, to determine the effect of leadership behavior on employee outcome, shows that in times of stress and chaos, leadership styles that transform, create meaning in the midst of turmoil and produce desirable employee outcome are more beneficial for organizations existence and performance. Conclusion In conclusion, it is apparent that nurses can lead the health care industry as they comprise the major component of all health care employees; being on the front line and having the most frequent direct contact with the patients and their families. The increasing emphasis on fiscal accountability in global recessionary times places even greater emphasis on measuring organizational effectiveness (Joyce, 2009). The need to move a health care organization forward in an era of declining profit margin, diminishing capacity, manpower shortages and technological expansion cannot be overstated. The call for the nurses to become recognized leaders of health care industry; possessing the knowledge, skills and attitudes relevant for effective leadership and the necessity to use the technology of the 21st century to aim for an essentially global community are the key perspective significant to nursing leadership and management(Jumaa, 2008). Effective leadership behavior is the key to productive and happily satisfied nurses with great organizational commitment. Nevertheless, it is how the leader leads in the context of the setting which is paramount. To sum up, positive or effective leadership is critical towards achieving and driving organizational effectiveness. Lymphatic Filariasis Disease: Causes and Treatments Lymphatic Filariasis Disease: Causes and Treatments Abstract Lymphatic Filariasis is a disease that is on the World Health Organizations (WHO) top ten list of diseases to eliminate by 2020. Left untreated and undetected, it can lead to a condition called Elephantiasis. The name comes from the severe swelling of the limbs that occurs during the chronic state of the disease. It is transmitted via mosquitoes to humans in tropical and sub-tropical climates and it is endemic in a large number of countries around the world. Prevention is possible via some very basic methods and early detection and treatment can prevent long-term consequences associated with the disease. Lymphatic Filariasis is a little known disease in the United States but it is on the World Health Organizations top ten list of diseases to eliminate along with Malaria and leprosy (Narain, J.P., Dash, A.P., Parnell, B., Bhattacharya, S.K., Barua, S., Bhatia, R. et al., 2010). A large portion of the population of the planet is at risk of contracting this often debilitating disease. Common Names Lymphatic Filariasis is also referred to as Bancrofts Filariasis and Elephantiasis when the disease it has progressed to its chronic state. (Elephantiasis, 2010). Causative Organisms The main causative organism is a microscopic parasitic roundworm. There are three different types of this worm: Wuchereria bancrofti (most common and makes up 90% of all cases), Brugia malay and Brugia timori (Longe, 2006). Wuchereria bancrofit lives in warm regions on every continent except North America (Callahan, 2002). Brugia malayi is primarily found in India, Southeast Asia and Indonesia (Callahan, 2002). Brugia timori is found to a very limited extent in Timor. Symptoms The disease has two stages, acute and chronic. When the disease is in the acute phase, the symptoms usually include a recurring fever and infections of the lymph vessels or nodes in the arms, legs or genitals which can lead to severe and permanent swelling of the lymph vessels and secondary infections (Elephantiasis, 2010). In the chronic stage, the worms block the lymphatic areas of the limbs which cause overgrowth of the limb or body part because the lymphatic system is not able to perform its function of draining fluid out of the area (Callahan, 2002). Males may also have swelling in the scrotum. This is how the disease gets the name of Elephantiasis because the limbs enlarge to the point where they resemble elephant limbs and the skin takes on a rough texture like elephant skin (Ferrara, 2010). Incubation Period The precise mechanism that causes the pathology of the disease is not known and some people who are infected may not show any signs or symptoms for many months and sometimes even years (Rajan, 2003). The parasite apparently only infects humans and has never been found to affect animals. The parasite migrates to the lymphatic vessels and takes up residence. It then matures into the worm over the course of a few months to one year and begin producing the microfilariae which is suspected of causing the initial fevers and chills that are the first symptoms of the disease (Rajan, 2003). Also, if a person is infected once, they may never actually develop any symptoms even though the worm is living in their lymphatic system and the microfilarasia are circulating in their blood. It is repeated exposure with multiple worms along with the worms excretions and blockage of the lymphatic system that seems to cause the disease to progress to its most severe form especially since the worm will norm ally die sometime after seven year (Rajan, 2003). Duration of Disease The duration of Lymphatic Filariasis varies depending on the number of re-infections suffered by a host. A person with Elephantiasis can live with the disease and usually dies from complications and secondary infections from the worms both living and dead (Wallace Kohatsu, 2008). The disease can last a lifetime and can worsen over time if left untreated. The disfiguring growth of the limbs or genitalia is another side effect as well as permanent damage to the lymphatic system, kidneys and secondary infections. There is also a social stigma to the deformities that accompany the chronic stages of the disease. Those who suffer from the disease are often ostracized. The adult worm normally lives from three to five years and the microfilariae will die after twelve months if not taken up by a mosquito to begin the next phase of the lifecycle (Longe, 2006). Transmission A person contracts the disease by being bitten by an infected mosquito of the genera Culex, Aedes or Anopheles. The mosquitoes are the intermediate hosts and when they bite someone, they inject the third-stage larvae into the blood of the host (Elephantiasis, 2010). Once injected into a human host, the larvae mature into worms which move to the lymphatic system and after about one year, produce embryo called microfilariae (Callahan, 2002). Adult worms live for about seven years (Ferrara, 2010). It is the buildup of adult worms in the lymphatic system over time that causes lymph fluid to collect which leads to severe swelling of the limbs and groin area (Ferrara, 2010). The microfilariae circulate in the blood stream waiting to be taken up by a mosquito. Interestingly, the microfilariae are at their most active in the blood at night when mosquitoes are also most active (Wallace Kohatsu, 2008). This increases the chance of being taken up by a mosquito and continuing the lifecycle. Whe n a mosquito bites and infected host, they take up the microfilariae along with the blood. The larvae mature to the second state in the mosquitoes. Repeated exposure and repeated transmission of larvae that can mature into adult worms is usually what brings on the symptoms (Ferrara, 2010). A person who is bitten once and infected may never actually experience any symptoms. Prevention and Treatment The disease is being attacked from many angles by the WHO. Those who have an active parasite are normally treated with the drug Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) which will both limit the number of microfilariae in the blood stream and gradually kill the parasite (Lammie, Milner Houston, 2006). The drug will cause some nausea and vomiting and sometimes fever depending on the level of microfilariae in the blood (Elephantiasis, 2010). However, because the treatment lasts for over one year, it is sometimes difficult to get the needed medical supplies to the areas with the highest incidence in a cost effective manner. Since the drug DEC seems to act as a deterrent as well as a cure, there is a proposal to add DEC to salt for distribution in the affected areas of the world in much the same manner that iodine was added to salt (Lammie, Milner Houston, 2006). Trials with DEC fortified salt have been carried out in China, Brazil, Haiti, India and Tanzania with great success since DEC laced salt acts as a protective measure as well as providing benefits for those already infected (Lammie, Milner Houston, 2006). Other drugs used in treatment include ivermectin and albendazole and more recently doxycycline (Wallace Kohatsu, 2008). Albendazole will kill the worms but does not have any effect on the microfilaria in the blood so the transmission cycle will continue unless the intermediate host is also reduced or eliminated (Wallace Kohatsu, 2008). In addition to drug therapies, movement of the affected limbs is encouraged along with antibiotics for any secondary infections caused by damage to the lymphatic system (Ferrara, 2010). There is little that can be done once the lymphatic swelling has set in other than attempting to force the lymph out via compression bandages (Elephantiasis, 2010). The other alternative is surgery to correct the affected limbs but this is sometimes not cost effective. Because the causative agent spends a portion of its lifecycle in the mosquito, the preventative measures that are being undertaken include the use of insect repellent and protective clothes in affected areas as well as water treatment to reduce the insect population that transmits the disease to humans (Wallace Kohatsu, 2008). Other measures include the use of mosquito netting, screens on windows and staying inside after dark when mosquitoes are the most likely to be active (Ferrara, 2010). In addition, while the mosquitoes are being dealt with, the population near the affected area can be given DEC as a preventative treatment so that the cycle of transmission is broken (Elephantiasis, 2010). Antibiotics have also been shown to be effective in the past but because antibiotics should not have any impact on a nematode, the effect of antibiotics was dropped until recently. There has also been some investigation into the possibility that a certain population of the worms themselves have a bacterial symbiont which is susceptible to the antibiotics (Rajan, 2003). The suspicion is that the two species have become dependent and if the symbiont dies, the host dies as well. If this is proven true, then antibiotics may also be used at some point in the future to treat lymphatic Filariasis in some cases. It is also suspected that some of the inflammation and other secondary infections might actually be caused by the symbiont rather than the nematode. Incidence: World, USA and Colorado Approximately eighty to one-hundred million people in 75 countries around the world are at risk of contracting Lymphatic Filariasis and forty million are in the chronic stages of the disease and suffer from the disfiguring disability known as Elephantiasis (Lammie, Milner, Houston, 2006). Lymphatic Filariasis occurs primarily in tropical and subtropical countries mostly in coastal areas with high humidity although it also occurs in Japan and China and come European countries (Elephantiasis, 2010). The area with the highest risk is south-East Asia. Lymphatic Filariasis at one point appeared in Charleston, South Carolina until about 1920 but then dies out before World War II (Elephantiasis, 2010). The reason for the disappearance in the United States is due to mosquito control and water sanitation (Elephantiasis, 2010). It occurs in the United States primarily where it has been contracted elsewhere and brought back to the United States (Elephantiasis, 2010). There does not seem to be any incidence of the disease in Colorado primarily because the climate and altitude and mosquito population do not generally offer a good climate for the life cycle. Mortality Rate: World, USA and Colorado Lymphatic Filariasis although impacting millions does not have a high mortality rate. The chief issue with the disease is the ongoing illnesses and secondary infections along with lost productivity and economic hardship suffered by those affected. According the World Health Organization, Lymphatic Filariasis is a targeted disease for elimination due to the large number of people at risk (Weekly epidemiological record, 2009). Those who contract the disease can live with it for all or most of their lives and it is the repeated infections via mosquito bites that eventually lead to the progression to the chronic state of the disease and eventual death ((Narain, J.P., Dash, A.P., Parnell, B., Bhattacharya, S.K., Barua, S., Bhatia, R. et al., 2010) Isolation Technique The disease is difficult to detect because the initial infection may not present any symptoms as the worm moves to the lymphatic system and matures. It can also take some time for the Microfilaria to show in the blood in sufficient quantity. The isolation technique will either focus on detecting the adult worm or the microfilariae. Blood samples can be taken and the sheathed microfilaria can be detected in a Giemsa stain which is a stain specifically used for detecting the presence of microfilaria in the blood (Wallace, Kohatsu, 2008). A methylene azure B. stain is used on the blood sample and if there is microfilaria in the blood, they will appear blue or purple. It is important that this blood be taken in the evening when the microfilaria is most active. The microfilaria can move out of the blood during the day so blood samples taken in daylight hours can sometimes result in false negatives (Longe, 2006). Also, it is possible that an infected person will not have any microfilaria in the blood. The worm itself is very hard to detect because it is buried in the lymphatic system. Another technique used is to look for what is called the filarial dance sign in the scrotum (Wallace Kohatsu, 2008). This is a visible detection of the worms movements via ultrasound. Conclusion Lymphatic Filariasis is a preventable disease that strikes poor countries in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Its debilitating effects have made it a target for elimination in the countries affected. Prevention methods are basic and include proactively spraying for the mosquitoes and treating the population with DEC laced salt or administration of DEC in tablet forms in order to break the cycle of infection. In addition, common precautions against mosquitoes can also be used such as protective clothing, netting and sprays.

King Philip Essay -- essays research papers fc

King Philip’s War was a disturbing war fought in America in 1675, almost certainly as a result of the early contact between the English Colonists and the Native Americans. The Natives were, and had always been fighting for their freedom and land, as well as their culture unharmed. Though the Natives had their own religious beliefs, the Colonists felt that they were the greater man, and that God would play a part by remaining on their side. The Natives did not trust the English with their multiple cheated promises and such, and it was only expected that the Natives would not believe in the English. There is no one established reason for this war, like many wars, but it is only probable that it be a result of the many differences between the Native way of life, and the English way. The Wampanoag Indians were a tribe that settled in the area of current day Rhode Island and Massachusetts. It is estimated that the number of tribe members was somewhere over ten thousand before the English arrived and brought along sickness and disease that the Natives were not accustomed to. By around 1675 it is imagined that the Wampanoag population plummeted to around only one thousand members. At first, the Wampanoag were accepting of the English because there appeared to be no immediate threat of endangerment of the Natives. The Natives actually became appreciative and dependent on the English in a sense, because they had been introduced to the various types of food, clothing, and most importantly, weapons. Massasoit, the Chief of the Wampanoag Indians at the time, signed a treaty of peace with the English that promised not to give up their land to anybody without the knowledge and consent of the Plymouth government first. It wasn’t until 1630 when the situation reversed with the increasing amount of settlers moving to The Massachusetts Bay Colony known as â€Å"The Great Migration†, that the Natives became angered. The new settlers, the Puritans, were in desperate need of land and would do anything to get it. They wiped the Pequoit Indians out in the Pequoit War of 1637, and other than those who chose to convert to the Puritan religion and way of life, the Pequoit had vanished. Many of the Indian tribes were in trouble with the threat of loss of land, as well as loss of lives. It was time to strike back and defend what was theirs. After Massasoit had passed on, Alexander would... ...sold into slavery in the West Indies, while others faced disease, cultural disruption, and the loss of their lands. Works Cited Bodge, George. Soldiers in King Philips War. NEHG Register many vol's 1886-1887. Bourne, Russell. The Red King’s Rebellion. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990. Church, Benjamin. Diary of King Philip's War, 1675-76. Chester, Conn. : Published for The Little Compton Historical Society [by] Pequot Press, 1975. Leach, Douglas. Flintlock and Tomahawk. Parnassus Imprints Inc., Hyannis, Massachusetts, 1995. Lepore, Jill. The Name of War : King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity. New York : Knopf, 1998. Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Rowlandson. New England Chronology NEHG Register vol 7 October 1853. Schultz, Eric B. King Philip's War : The History and Legacy of America's Forgotten Conflict. Woodstock, Vt. : Countryman Press ; New York : Distributed by W.W. Norton, c1999. Shroeder, Betty. The True Lineage of King Philip (Sachem Metacomb). NEHG Register vol 144 July 1990. Webb, Stephen Saunders. 1676, The End of American Independence. New York : Knopf, 1984.